STATION ID - 7047/3.12

9x Datakit Network
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

This is a 9x system, restricted to authorized persons and for
official 9x business only. Anyone using this system, network or data
is subject to being monitored at any time for system administration and
for identifying unauthorized users or system misuse. Anyone using this
system expressly consents to such monitoring and is advised that any
evidence of criminal activity revealed through such monitoring may be
provided to law enforcement for prosecution.


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        |The World of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite... |
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                    ACTS-Operations and structure
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                            written by lowtek
                          lowtek@deadprotocol.org
                             lowtek@l0tek.org



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           Advanced Communications Technology Satellite
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The ACTS satellite network was depelopted and schedualed for launch on
Febuary 3, 1993 It is located in the Ka band at around 18-31 ghz and is
in geosynchronous orbit aka the clark belt (22,300 miles above earth.)
The ACTS satellite has many features that are not yet avalible to the public
satellite market and shall continue to lead major satellite research towards it.
This satellite was a result of the research done by many military and government
operations that wanted to work on specific satellite projects to lead the public
satellite verndors.  They work on specific projects such as mobilie terminals,
ATM linking via satellite, SOnet, and many other large network communications
useage.


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Features of ACTS:
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      .o 110-Mbps time division Multiple Access


      .o Digital regeneration and Switching on board the satellite


      .o Multi Beam Anteana's


      .o BaseBand Processor



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There are currently many earth station developments going on in means of
the ACTS satellite such as the following:
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  | The ACTS T1 VSAT|
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Is basically The main earth Station that provides means with communicating
with the satellite and most of its functions on board.

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  | The ACTS Mobile Terminal|
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Is away of achieving the goal of making tremendous speeds of satellite data
well on the road and making it easier to communicate world wide.  This earth
station will be put into use with things such as International Hostpitals and
also Telemedicine, Quality Audio, Military, Secure Communications and Many
Aeronautical Applications such as Jets, Missiles and other aero mobile units.

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  |The Aeronaticaul Experiment|
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This Station is similar to the Mobile Station in that it is on the run but
in a different platform of the word run.  Here we are talking about in the
midst of soaring 5000 miles high and transmitting a signal to the satellite
for navigation, radar, enemy persuit.

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  |ACTS MASCOM|
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Is a Station that would let you manipulate the steering of a vehical in persue
this was tested at Fort Leavenworth with a Hummer to test the Electronic
Steering.

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  |Broad Band Aeronatical Terminal|
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The Broad Band terminal allows the satellite to upink many things at the same time
such as 2 conversations on the telephone and compressed 2 way video also
full resolution of Television to the air craft.

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  |INTEX Ka Band Experimental Satellite Ground Terminal|
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This station is mainly one to help out with all of ACTS other experiments
it provides measurement of various signal quality on the satellite link
quality.  Also is used to evaluate data compresion and Compares digital
modulation and coding data.


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   |HBR/LET|
    -==-=-=

High Burst Rate Link Evaluation Terminal is used as a safty device to watch
over the ACTS satellite's performace of the microwave  switch matrix mode.
This Terminal has statistics about the satellites rain fade and measured quality
of all links.


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Well there are more in the proccess being made as I speak so look forward for
an update...
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                         Why the Ka band?
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You may be asking, "why in the world is this satellite operating in the Ka Band?"
Well ACTS is the first satellite to actually transmit in the Ka band and because
of this people have to watch the weather 24/7 in little rooms so they know
when to notify the military if it will have bad signaling from the rain...
The reason it is placed around the Ka band is because it has a 2.4 spectrum
avalible. This is is 5 times fater than at lower frequncey bands such as where
LEOS orbit around 400 to 1000 miles above earth.






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                  Spectrums Analysis and Explenation
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This section explians the Spectrum a little more than I have done at the top
so hang with me.  The word "Spectrum" refers to a range of radio freqs that
are used, or a portion of radio waves to make phone calls or transmit certain
data.  A freqency is the number of times each second that each radio wave completes
a cycle.  There are many Spectrums that are broken up into bands by the FCC.
For example: Cordless phones are assigned to the 46 and 49 million cycle
(hertz) per second. A "hertz" refers to one cycle of a radio wave.

The higher the frequency, the more precious it is and this is why the Ka
band at 30/20 ghz is a little more precious and is checked for weather hourly
I have included the following weather analysys off NASA's server to show an
example:

  -----------------------------------\    |-|
 |                                    \  |  |
 |             USA                     \/   |
 |                                          |
 |                                          |
 |                                          |
 |                                          |
 |                                         |
 |                                        \ \
  -----------------------------------------\ \
                                            \_\ <-------- Bad Weather
                                                       Quickly The NOC Is
                                                       Notified and The ACTS
                                                       Satellite sits and waits
                                                       for the weather to pass



The data is straight from the BBP of the satellite which transmits the data
tothe NASA Glen Research Center Mater Control Center VAX where it is kept on
record for future research.

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  MASTER CONTROL STATION ALARMS
  (Alarm Severity: I-Info., S-Status, E-Error, W-Warning, F-Fatal)
  Term#  Date    Time   Severity   Subsystem  Msg Type  Msg#  Alarm Text
  ____________________________________________________________________________
  ____________________________________________________________________________
  3   8/23/99  9:22:23   S         LBR         11      17  Traffic terminal #3 is synchronized
  3   8/23/99  9:58:12   S         LBR         10      33  East & west scan beam refresh sequence ended
  3   8/23/99 10:12:13   S         LBR         10      61  LBR EXECURE buffer now available
  3   8/23/99 10:45:43   E         LBR         11       1  Traffic terminal #3 is at loss of synchronization state




This represents what happens when something goes wrong with anything in or on
the satellite.  Now here all we have are minor problems that happen durring the
signaling of the satellite hence the "Traffic terminal #3 is at loss of synchronization
state".

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The Following are of N channel circuit activity reports from the NASA computer
system.  These represent successful and failed connection attempets to the
N channel Circuits:

N Channel Circuits - Successful Connections

Orig          Start   Circuit   Call    Destination  Orig Channel  Circuit  Number
Term#  Date   Time     Setup  Duration    Term#       Number       Type    Channels
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
6    8/23/95  19:53:21   1      1049        6            4           1        2
6    8/23/95  19:58:57   2        87        1            2           2        2


N Channel Circuits - Failed Connections

Orig           Start   Circuit   Destination   Orig Channel  Circuit  Number   Reject  Reject
Term#  Date    Time    Setup        Term#         Number      Type    Channels  Code   Reason
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
1     8/23/95 13:00:58    1           21            110        2         2       31   Destination Terminal Busy
1     8/23/95 15:33:46    1            2            787        2        24       41   Destination Terminal Shutdown


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                    Singale channel circuit Activity
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This is a list of the connections of "Voice Channel" Activitys these show
the destiniation earth station numbers and the channel number also the circuit
type that failed or succeded well routering to the destination:


Voice Circuit-Successful Connections

Start      Call    Destination  Orig Channel   Circuit
Term#  Date   Time     Duration    Term#         Number       Type
 ______________________________________________________________________
 ______________________________________________________________________
  1   8/23/95 10:35:54     33         6            786           2
  1   8/23/95 12:07:58     38         2            786           2
  1   8/23/95 19:06:23    600         2            786           2


Voice Circuit-Failed Connections

Start    Orig    Dest   Orig     Circuit  Reject  Reject
Date     Time     Term#   Term#  Channel#  Type    Reason  Text
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5/17/95 11:17:34     1     12     787        2      20     Satellite Busy: Insufficient Destination Uplink Capacity





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                     ACTS Anteana Reciver/Transiver
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The ACTS satellite has 5 anteana's ports for use in uplink and downlink testing
and contstruction.  This provides the MCS (Clevland Mater Control Center) to
be able to measure the signal quality and test new uploading/downloading tekniques
and features.  And to provide multisignaling within new projets of the ACTS.

 



                             =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
                            |BaseBand Processer|
                             -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

The Base Band Processer is the the mind of the communications routing features
such as Voice Procssing, Video Signals, and Call Routing.  This system provides
many things to the end users of the satellite on Earth.  It is said to be equal
to a 5ess-2000 switch, and provides Time Division Multiplexing of Radion Signals
of the uplink and downlink flexibility within the family of signaling.  The BBP
is programmed to make compatability within the messege routing system on heavy
and slow days at work.  The switching and routing of messeges are moved around
at 64-kbps hence the ISDN onboard.



       ---------\
                 \--------
       ---------- |       |
       ---------- | ACTS  |
   ->            /--------|
  |   ----------/
  -- Anteana Ports              
                    

When a Signal is transmitted to an Anteana on the ACTS it is compressed and
when the BBP recieves it, it is almost simotaniously sent to the most unused
downlink at that time and routed down into the earth stations reciever where
from there it will be decompressed and sent on its way to reach its destination
on the PSTN.





Here is an example of what the BBP switch looks like with all of its routing
features marked:

                                                                   
        ----------------------------------------------------------    ----------     -----------------------------------------------
       |INPUT CHANNEL 1                                           |  |          |   | OUTPUT CHANNEL 1                              |
       | ____________                                             |  |          |   |      -------                                  |
       ||            |               ---------                    |  |          |   |     |         |                               |
       ||  DEMODS    |              |         |                   |  |          |   |     |PING-PONG|        /----------            |
       ||------------|              |PING-PONG|                   |  |          |   |  ---          |--     / ---------  |          |
       ||  110/55    |              |  MEMORY |---                |  |          |   | | --  MEMORY  |--||  //           ||          |  
       ||            |        ______|         |-- |       ------- |  |          |   | ||  |  2K x   |  ||  ||   ------  ||          | DOWNLINK
       ||   MSPS     |       |------|   2K x  | | |      |       ||  |          |   | ||  | 64 BITS |  ||  || |       | ||    ----- |      BEAM
       ||------------|       ||     | 64 BITS | | |      |  FEC  ||  | BASBAND  |   | ||   ---------   ||  || |  FEC  | ||  |       |   \    NO. 1
       ||            |       ||     |---------  | |      |       |___| ROUTING  |___|--|    --------   | --  --       | ||  |      ||  | \
       ||            |       ||                 | |______|DECODER|___            ___ --|   |         | | ------ENCODER-- ---  MOD  |----  /
       ||            |       ||                    ______        ||  | SWITCH   |   | ||   |PING-PONG| ||     |       ------ 110/55|---- /
       ||    OR      |--------                  | |      |       ||  |          |   | ||   |         |- |     |       |     | MSPS ||  |/
       ||            |       ||                 | |      |_______||  |          |   | ||   | MEMORY  |---       ------      |      ||
-->    ||            |       ||      ---------  | |               |  |          |   | | ---   2K x   |                       ------ |
-->    ||------------|       ||     |         | | |               |  |          |   |   ---| 64 BITS |                              |
Uplink || 27.5/13.75 |       ||     |PING-PONG| | |               |  |          |   |       ---------                               |
Beam   ||            |       ||_____| MEMORY  |-- |               |  |          |   |                                               |
1      ||    MSPS    |       -------          |---                |  |          |   |                                               |
       ||------------|              |  2K X   |                   |  |          |   |                                               |
       ||------------|              | 64 BITS |                   |  |          |   |                                               |
       || 27.5/13.75 |              |---------|                   |  |          |   |                                               |
       ||            |                                            |  |          |   |                                               |
       ||   MSPS     |                                            |  |         *|   |                                               |
       ------------------------------------------------------------ |*--------- \    -----------------------------------------------
                                                                    |            \
                                                                    |             |
       ------------------------------------------------------------ |  ---------  |  -------------------------------------------------- 
      |                                                            || |         | | |                                                   |
      |                    INPUT CHANNEL 2                         || | CENTRAL | | |               OUTPUT CHANNEL (2)                  | 
Uplink|                                                            ||_|         | | |          Identical to OUTPUT CHANNEL (1)          | 
Beam  |             (INDENTICAL TO INPUT CHANNEL 1)                |  |PROCESSER|- -|                                                   |
No. 2 |                                                            |  |         |   |                                                   |
-->   |                                                            |  |         |   |                                                   |
       ----------------------------------------------------------     |         |    --------------------------------------------------
                                                                       ---------


-




This represents a signal uplinked to the satellites BBP system and what functions
are going on and how it handles the /voice/data/ and downlinks it to the other
subscriber of the ACTS terminal... The INPUT and OUTPUT channels (2) are identical to
the top ones in that they are just another anteana data port for the enduser to connect
to using his or her terminal...
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The ACTS satellite will help satellite communications for years to come even
though it was supposed to be a 4 year sat.  We have expanded and now are learning
a magnificent amount of data as the dawn of the millenium occurs this information
will lead us in the way or maybe we are leading our selfs into just a big
gigantic technological mess... these things we will never no but untill we do... 
we shall keep advancing...




             I leave you with The Satellite Accronym list provided by NASA:

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List of Abreveations thanks to NASA:
APPPENDIX A LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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ACTS Advanced Communications Technology Satellite
     BBP Baseband Processor
        BER Bit Error Rate
      BFN Beam Forming Network
          Bps Bits Per Second
     BPSK Binary Phase-Shift Keying
     CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
         CML Current Mode Logic
              CMDS Commands
  CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
        CR&T Command Ranging & Telemetry
       DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access
   DARPA Defense Advance Research Projects Agency
               dB Decibel
            D/C Down converter
         DCU Digital Control Unit
       ECL Emitter Controlled Logic
     FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
   FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
       FEC Forward Error Correction
        FET Field Effect Transistor
          Gbps Gigabits Per Second
                GHz Gigahertz
              HDR High Date Rate
     HEMT High Electron Mobile Transistor
            IBOW In Bound Order Wire
            IF Intermediate Frequency
            Kbps Kilobits Per Second
           LSI Large Scale Integration
                 ms millisecond
              MBA Multiple Beam Antenna
              Mbps Megabits Per Second
              MCS Master Control Station
  MOSAIC Motorola Oxide Self-Aligned Implanted Circuit
              MSM Microwave Switch Matrix
             MSPS Mega Symbols Per Second
     NASA National Aeronautics & Space Administration
             NMT Network Management Terminal
                  ns Nanosecond
            OBOW Out Bound Order Wire
                 OC Optical Carrier
         QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
         RCSA Receive Coax Switch Assembly
              RF Radio Frequency
         SMSK Serial Minimum Shift Keying
     SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
       SONET Synchronous Optical Network
  SQPSK Staggered Quaternary Phase Shift Keying
          SSI Small Scale Integration
       TCSA Transmit Coax Switch Assembly
          TDM Time Division Multiplexing
        TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
            TEW Tracking Error Word
                TLM Telemetry
       TT&C Telemetry, Tracking & Command
        TWTA Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier
               U/C Up converter
       VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
     WIRS Waveguide Input Redundancy Switch
     WORS Waveguide Output Redundancy Switch 
    




written by lowtek ----> lowtek@deadprotocol.org
-----------------

This file was written mostly with public information   
   
                       the signals are upon us...  
                       and i am here to feed them

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