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A
Bohemian paradise 300 miles south of Berlin
in Czechoslovakia |
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An experimental relocation center for Jews |
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The camp-town that is never discussed |
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theresienstadt ,camp concentration theresienstadt
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Location
Theresienstadt was in Czechoslovakia.
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| History |
Built in 1780 by Joseph II of the Hapsburg family.
Theresienstadt was named after Empress Maria Theresa. It is a walled
town which is located between Dresden with Prague. Originally it was
as a military garrison at the junction of the Ohre and Elbe rivers.
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Chancellor Hitler gave Jews their own town
Hitler took a gingerbread town in the Czech Republic – moved out the
residents and turned it over to the Jews. It’s purpose was to provide a ‘
Spa environment ‘ for rich artistic Jews.
Hitler wanted a colony of German Jewish artists to create propaganda and
serve as a example of his generosity
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Town specially constructed for Jews
In November 1941,Czech workers were sent to transform the
small garrison town of Terezín, Czechoslovakia into the Theresienstadt
camp. Here they incarcerated some of Europe's most gifted artists,
musicians, composers and writers who, sustained an active cultural
community
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Who was shipped here |
The town was for Jewish artisans , the wealthy and their families.
There were artists, writers, scientists and jurists, diplomats, musicians.
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| Franz E. Klein staged the operas "Carmen", "La Tosca", and "Rigoletto"
at Terezin, with the help of conductor and chorus-master Rafael
Schachter. . Karel Fleishmann
(who was also a physician), Otto Ungar, Peter Kien, and |
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Ferdinand Bloch were painters whoPavel Haas, Gideon Klein, Hans Krása and Viktor
Ullmann were prized pupils and assistants of musical luminaries Leos
Janacek and Arnold Schoenberg.
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Jewish elders ran the camp
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Jakub Edelstein, was the first elder and he ran it from 1941 -
1943. He was arrested for falsifying camps records.
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The second was Dr. Paul Eppstein who was followed by
Dr Murmelstein in Sept 1944
The camp government contained
a number of supplementary departments to keep the camp running as
smoothly as possible.
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Besides the Administration
department, there were Economic, Financial, Technical, and Health and
Social Care departments. These factions kept track of the full gamut
of camp operations, from devermination to fire fighting to burials. |
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| Jakub
Edelstein |
Dr. P.
Eppstein |
Dr. B.
Murmelstein |
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| The SS and the camp |
| The ghetto was administered by the SS.
Its first commandant was SS Officer Dr. Siegfried Seidl ( 1941
-1943.) Second was SS-First Lieutenant ( 1943 - 1944). The final
commandant was SS Karl Rahm |
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Camp guarded by Czech police gendarmes
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There
were none of the dreaded SS to be seen.
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| Art in the camp |
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Ferdinand Bloch and Pavel Haas were just a few of the famous
artists.
They led classes and produced many protégées like Leos Janacek, Alexander Zemlinsky, Arnold Schoenberg and Alois Haba.
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| Ullmanv |
Klien |
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Opera
| Jewish composers wrote
operas such as
The Emperor of
Atlantis. Peter Kien's
story is about a |
| mythical kingdom in
which no one dies, even mortally wounded soldiers.
It was a satire on
the political situation of WWII. It
included seven
singers and full orchestra. part from a handful of string
quartets and some songs, not much enduring music came out of Terazin
itself.
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Music and Cabarets
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The cabaret
scene had been present from the very early days in the men’s barracks
under the leadership of Karel Svenk—a multitalented writer, director,
actor, and producer.
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His first
cabaret, The Lost Food Card, brought laughter and hope to
the audience, particularly through the finale tune,
The Terezin March.
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Theresienstadt had a first class symphony
some of music created.
The town had three jazz bars. Cabarets were a late night staple
Some of Hans Krasa's works had been performed by both the
Philadelphia Orchestra and the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
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Plays |
Though they were
unstaged, his choruses also performed operas, particularly favoring two
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beloved Czech
standards, Smetana’s The Bartered Bride and The Kiss |
Ticket |
Their
familiarity to Czech audiences made them easy favorites and especially
comforting. Schacter’s most impressive and legendary feat, however,
was his successful interpretation of Verdi’s Requiem.
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Children |
Theresienstadt was a magical place
for the children because of the concentration of wealthy and artistic families. |
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Child's opera |
The town
was an 18th century treasure built around parks.
The schools were
organized by talented Jewish artist that were 50 yrs ahead of their time
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Hans Krasa’s
Brundibar, a children’s opera of good versus evil written
in Czech, tells the tale of two children on a mission to buy milk for
their sick mother. As they sing to raise money for the milk, their
earnings are stolen by the evil old organ-grinder, Brundibar, who was
displeased by the competition.With the help of a Sparrow, a Cat, and a
Dog-also played by children-the brother and sister are able to outwit
Brundibar, reclaim their money, and finally bring milk home to their
mother.
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Performed at least 55 times, the opera was one of the most popular
performance pieces in Terezin's entire repertoire-every ticket was
highly desired.
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The town itself
