FAA SOIT, Rosslyn, Virginia March 4, 2002 Paul Wagoner AND-720 NAS Implementation, ISI GPS Interference http://www.heritage.org/homelanddefense/welcome.html Heritage Foundation Homeland Security Task Force Report Heritage Foundation Homeland Security Task Force Task Force Formed Immediately After 9/11 to: Develop Priorities for Action & Implementation Make Operational Recommendations to the Government, Congress, and to State and Local Governments Working Group on Infrastructure Protection & Internal Security Made GPS their Number Two Priority Want the President to "Designate the GPS Frequencies and Network as Critical National Infrastructure" Heritage Foundation Recommended for Key Actions: Step #1. The President Should Include GPS as Infrastructure Critical to Homeland Security in the NSPD and Create a National Program Office Modeled After Atomic Energy Commission Members Appointed by the President Step #2. The President Should Assign the DoD as the Lead Agency for GPS DoD Developed GPS & It's Vital to National Security DoD Should Coordinate Security with Gov & Private Heritage Foundation Step #3. The President Should Issue New Directives to Amend Existing Ones on Critical Infrastructure to Include GPS Step #4. The DoD Should Deploy a More Secure GPS Network President Should Direct the DoD to Accelerate Modification of Existing Satellites with More Robust Signals Launch at Increased Rate to Achieve a 30-36 Satellite Constellation NSTP & NSC More Protection of Satellites Click to add title GPS Interference Event ----- December 13 - 18, 2001 GPS Interference at Mesa, Az From 13 to 18 December 2001, 4 1/2 days, a GPS Jammer Caused GPS Receiver Failures Within 180nm of Mesa, Arizona Jamming of GPS is Difficult to Define Operationally Some Avionics Doesn't Notify Pilot When GPS Fails Effort, Resources and Time to Find a "Cooperative, Continuously Emitting Jammer" Appears Excessive Analysis Also Shows We Have Opportunities for Improvement Day 1 Thursday, 13 Dec 01 1615 MT First A/C Report of GPS Loss Near PHX 2043 MT ZAB Reported Several A/C Lost GPS NOCC Contacted Space Command & USCG Telecom NOCC/PHX TRACON Day 2 Friday, 14 Dec 2001 0909 MT 2 A/C Lost GPS NW of PHX - MD80 and Grumman 155 at FL120 (Honeywell Receivers). NOCC Contacted ASR Mil Liaison- No Scheduled Jamming 0935 MT Numerous Failure Reports from A/C 1335 MT AWP FMO Advised of Interference 1639 MT AAL 2439 Reported a 500nm Position Error, NOCC Contacted ZFW, ZDV & ZLA - No Reports Day 2 Friday, 14 Dec 2001 1828 MT Gulf Stream 2 at FL120, 45nm North of PHX Lost GPS & Turned 35 Degrees Left Toward Other Traffic. ATC Vectored A/C to Ensure Safety 1956 MT NOCC Contacted Space Command & USCG - No GPS System Problems 1956 MT NOCC, ZAB & US NOTAMS Agree to Issue NOTAM "GPS Unreliable within 150nm of PHX" 2035 MT 2 More A/C Reports- Honeywell HT9100 & Trimble 2102 Receivers Day 3 Saturday, 15 Dec 2001 0723 MT NOCC, SOC & PHX TRACON Discuss Reports 1439 MT PDS MCC Contacted AWP FMO About Investigating/Locating 1800-2200 MT ATCSCC, NOCC, ASR, FICO Discussed With Space Command, ZAB, Mil Liaison, USCG & Decide to Use Flt Inspection A/C to Investigate 2307 MT ASR & FICO Schedule FC-56 a Lear Jet for Sunday PM - Sacramento to Tucson - to Overfly PHX Area Day 4 Sunday, 16 Dec 2001 0643 MT A/C Continue to Report Outages NOCC Briefed ATS-1 on Status Began Planning for FC-78 to Deploy From OKC on Monday 2114 MT Flt Inspection FC-56 Lear Jet Lost GPS at 180nm & Could Not Locate Source of Interference, FICO Scheduled FC-78 to Depart OKC for PHX on Monday PM 2119 MT ASR Continues to Coordinate With Space Command, USCG & Military Test Facilities Day 5 Monday, 17 Dec 2001 0819 MT ASR Coordinates With Military on Possible Jamming Tests 1016 MT ASR Informed AWP of Flight check A/C Mission and Planned to Send Ground-Based Locating Assets, If Needed. None Are Available at PHX 1755 MT FC-78 Reported Source as a Steady Tone on 1575.002 MHz About 1mile NE of Falcon Field, Mesa, Az - at the Location of Boeing Plant 1815 MT PDS SMO Contacted Boeing Control Tower About the Jamming & Requested Assistance Day 6 Tuesday, 18 Dec 2001 0519 MT NOTAM Reissued & Extended Range From PHX VORTAC From 150 to 180nm 0733 MT SMO Contacted Boeing Falcon Field People & Requested Assistance. Boeing Found the Source and Turned it OFF 0900 MT FC-78 Verified That the Jammer Was No Longer Operating - NOTAM Cancelled Findings Boeing Phantom Works Apache Longbow Program Outdoor Antenna Test Facility Was Preparing for an Upcoming Test: They Modified Test Equipment Control Software that Spanned a Number of Frequencies, Including GPS L1@ 1575.42 MHz. Software Froze the Jammer at 1575.002 MHz & the Operator Did Not Verify that the System Was Shut Down. Radiating Antenna Was a Horn With a Half-power Beamwidth of 50 Degrees Azimuth; Radiated Power: 0.8mW, -31 dBW : Needs to be Below -156 dBW to Not Interfer Jammer Operated Continuously From 1430 MT Thursday Until 0733 MT the Following Tuesday - 4 ½ days Impact to ATC Operations When GPS Signal Was Lost at 45nm From PHX, One A/C Performed a 35 Degree Turn Toward Traffic. The Controller Assisted and No Unsafe Actions Resulted. NOTAM Was Not Issued Until Well Into the Event, Once NOTAM is Issued Pilots No Longer Have to Report Pilot Reports to Controllers of Loss of GPS NavAid Continued Throughout the 4 ½ days Dealing With An Unbounded Area Outage is a Difficult Problem for Controllers Cost to Fly Flight Check A/C Approximately $23,000 Spectrum Operations ASR is Not Adequately Resourced to Operate 24/7 AWP FMO Not Advised of Interference Until 1333 MT, 14 Dec (4-plus hours) AWP FMOs Both on Vacation at the Same Time Lack of GPS L-band Antennas on Portable Systems Impacted Locating Capability None of ASR's 150 Handheld GPS L-band Capable Systems Were Available in the Phoenix Area Suggested Follow-on Actions Review of FAA Directives in AT & ASR OPR: AT SOIT and Interference Working Group Review of Positioning of ASR Locating Assets OPR: ASR Written Follow-up to DoD/Boeing for Violating CJCS Manual on Jamming Without Prior Permission OPR: ASR NOTAM Process and Timing OPR: ATSCC & US NOTAM Office