================================================================ MindNet Journal - Vol. 1, No. 59 ================================================================ V E R I C O M M / MindNet "Quid veritas est?" ================================================================ The views and opinions expressed below are not necessarily the views and opinions of VERICOMM, MindNet, or the editors unless otherwise noted. The following is reproduced here with the express permission of the author/publisher, _Resonance_ newsletter. Permission is given to reproduce and redistribute, for non-commercial purposes only, provided this information and the copy remain intact and unedited. Editor: Mike Coyle Assistant Editor: Rick Lawler Research: Darrell Bross Editor's Note: The diagrams mentioned in this article are available in GIF format at our FTP site as: [mn159a.gif], [mn159b.gif], [mn159c.gif]. ================================================================ REVIEW OF PATENTS RELATING TO SYNTHETIC TELEPATHY By Judy Wall RESONANCE Newsletter of the Bioelectromagnetics Special Interest Group Judy Wall, Editor, 684 C.R. 535, Sumterville, FL 33585 USA Sample of Newsletter $4.00, Subscription (4 per year) $15.00. Number 30, March 1996 Pages 38 to 44. ---------------------------------------------------------------- There are at least two patents dealing with the concept of transmitting sound, voices, and other audio phenomena directly to the brain, bypassing the normal auditory processes commonly associated with the sense of "hearing." In a previous article this situation was called "synthetic telepathy," and literature reviewed at that time revealed only the most rudimentary research had been done to support the existence of this phenomenon. Synopsis: In 1961, Allen Fry documented the ability of the human brain to "hear" certain microwave pulses. Joseph Sharp and Mark Grove, in 1973, successfully performed an experiment in which words were modulated onto a microwave frequency and communicated directly to the human brain. A.W. Guy et al. stated that the most likely mechanism for the interaction of the electromagnetic (EM) field with the brain was by the conversion of the EM energy to acoustic energy through thermal expansion.(1) Mike Coyle updates Frey's research [MC: see Appendix A. for this update] elsewhere in this issue to include the possibility of other mechanisms, including direct interaction with the magnetic fields around neurons. FLANAGAN PATENT Dr. Gillis Patrick Flanagan has over 300 inventions to his credit. At the age of 11 he invented his first device, a "sleep machine." At the ripe old age of 14 he invented the Neurophone, a radio transmitter that, when connected to the body through electrodes, sends electrical impulses through the human nervous system directly to the brain. He says, "When I first applied for a patent on the device, no one at the patent office believed such a device could possibly work." As a result, it took six years before he received the first patent, and that was "only after we made a nerve-deaf employee at the patent office 'hear' for the first time in fifteen years."(2) The patent here described is U.S. #3,393,279, applied for March 13, 1962 and granted July 16, 1968, entitled "Nervous System Excitation Device" and the abstract reads: "A method of transmitting audio information to the brain of a subject through the nervous system of the subject which method comprises, in combination, the steps of generating a radio frequency signal having a frequency in excess of the highest frequency of the audio information to be transmitted, modulating said radio frequency signal with the audio information to be transmitted, and applying said modulation radio frequency signal to a pair of insulated electrodes and placing both of the said insulated electrodes in physical contact with the skin of said subject, the strength of said radio frequency electromagnetic field being high enough at the skin surface to cause the sensation of hearing the audio information modulated thereon in the brain of said subject and low enough so that said subject experiences no physical discomfort." Excerpts from the patent read: "The present invention involves the discovery that certain electromagnetic waves induce responses in the nervous systems of mammals. In human beings a response is produced when some or all of a person's nervous system is placed within a field of electromagnetic waves having a radio frequency above the audible range. In addition, when the nervous system of a person is contacted by modulated electromagnetic carrier waves of such a frequency, the nervous system is responsive to the modulation of the carrier waves. Each individual nervous system is at least somewhat selective in respect to the frequencies to which it is most responsive. ... "In the method of the present invention, a response is initiated in the nervous system of a mammal by disposing at least a portion of that nervous system within a field of electromagnetic waves of a radio frequency above the aural range. ...In a particularly preferred embodiment of this invention, at least a portion of the nervous system of a person is exposed to audio modulated electromagnetic waves having a radio frequency such that the person experiences the sensation of hearing, substantially free of distortion, the information which is conveyed by the modulation. "The present invention may be used as a hearing aid, as an aid to teaching speech to a person who was born deaf, as a means of communicating with persons in locations in which the noise level is high, as a device by which a person can listen to an audio signal that cannot be heard by the others, etc." This last sentence presaged a later application of the Neurophone to save the lives of American soldiers during a Vietnam War. Ordinary communication devices with their high extraneous noise levels, when used in the stillness of tunnels, would give away the soldier's location to the enemy and result in his immediate death. The Neurophone granted our soldiers access to communications while cloaked in acoustic imperceptibility. This remarkable device can enable people born deaf to "hear" -- some immediately, others with some practice(5), but an amazing accomplishment nonetheless. At the time of invention Flanagan was offered one million dollars by a Corpus Christi company if he could adapt it to send visual images to the brain so that blind people could "see."(3) The neurophone may be used for subliminal and/or superlearning as it transmits data directly into the brain's long-term memory storage banks, although Dr. Flanagan did not mention exactly when he first became aware of this remarkable property of the invention. He also said that the audio information could be modulated onto a microwave carrier, as in the following Stocklin patent.(5) The original patent utilized vacuum tubes. Flanagan later applied for a patent on an improved digital version using transistors, U.S. #3,647,970, entitled "Method and System for Simplifying Speech Waveforms," patent applied for August 29, 1969, granted March 7, 1972. The abstract for the patent reads: "A speech waveform is converted to a constant amplitude square wave in which the transitions between the amplitude extremes are spaced so as to carry the speech information. The system includes a pair of tuned amplifier circuits which act as high-pass filters having 6 decibel per octave slope 0 to 15,000 cycles followed by two stages, each comprised of an amplifier and clipper circuit, for converting the filtered waveform to a square wave. A radio transmitter and receiver having a plurality of separate channels within a conventional single side band transmitter bandwidth and a system for transmitting secure speech information are also disclosed." Later in the patent we read: "This invention is concerned with a method and system for simplifying a complex speech waveform so that it can be used for a multitude of applications... The simplified speech waveform can be transmitted directly through the earth or water as a pressure wave, and understood, either directly from the medium, or after simple amplification. The simplified waveform can easily be encoded by scrambling to provide secure voice communications..." At this point, the Department of Defense slapped a secrecy order on Flanagan's invention and he was not allowed to work on it nor talk about it to anyone for the next five years.(4) He does not know why they did it nor was he compensated for the loss of time or money (as it was not yet in production, the argument went, there is no monetary value to be compensated for). He speculates it might have been for any of several possibilities, the "secure speech" being one.(5) Chuck Allen suggested it was for the "underwater communications possibilities" to contact submarines. An interesting thought occurred to me in comparing the date of the patent with the date of the Sharp and Grove experiment. Did those scientists for the military get their inspiration from young Flanagan's patent? Patrick Flanagan states that he does not believe that the Neurophone can be used to accomplish a state of "mind control" as is so often associated with the idea of "artificial" or "synthetic" telepathy. That type of situation requires a person to be in a state of hypnosis or lessened awareness, and disconnectedness between the two halves of one's brain. The Neurophone, on the contrary, effects the synchronization of the brainwaves between the two halves of the brain, into a state of phase efficiency which makes the brain hemispheres coherent, approaching the Zen meditative state, thus facilitating a super awareness and the superlearning ability.(5) After the secrecy order was lifted, the Neurophone was marketed, but with only about 1,000 being produced. The good news is that this remarkable invention will again be available to the public in about 3 to 6 months' time. Patrick and his wife Gale Crystal are now in the process of setting up production. See the end of the article on how to contact them for more information. STOCKLIN PATENT A second quite remarkable patent, of more recent origin and complicated circuitry, by Philip L. Stocklin, is entitled simply "Hearing Device," dated August 22, 1989, and the patent number is U.S. #4,858,612. The abstract reads: "A method and apparatus for simulation of hearing in mammals by introduction of a plurality of microwaves into the region of the auditory cortex is shown and described. A microphone is used to transform sound signals into electrical signals which are in turn analyzed and processed to provide controls for generating a plurality of microwave signals at different frequencies. The multifrequency microwaves are then applied to the brain in the region of the auditory cortex. By this method sounds are perceived by the mammal which are representative of the original sound received by the microphone." This patent clearly picks up on the idea of beaming sounds directly to a person's brain by means of a microwave carrier frequency. Following are excerpts from the patent: "Results of theoretical analysis of the physics of brain tissue and brain/skull cavity, combined with experimentally determined electromagnetic properties of mammalian brain tissue, indicate the physical necessity for the existence of electromagnetic standing waves, called "modes" in the living mammalian brain. The mode characteristics may be determined by two geometric properties of the brain; these are the cephalic index of the brain (its shape in prolate spherical coordinates) and the semifocal distance of the brain (a measure of its size). It was concluded that estimation of brain cephalic index and semifocal distance using external skull measurements on subjects permits estimation of the subject's characteristic mode frequencies, which in turn will permit a mode by mode treatment of the data to simulate hearing... "...This invention provides for simulation of microwave radiation which is normally produced by the auditory cortex. ... "Neural stimulation results in the generation of a broad band of microwave photons by the change in rotational energy state of protons integral to the neuron membrane of the auditory cortex. The physical size and shape of the brain/skull cavity, together with the (semi-conductor) properties (conductivity and dielectric constant) of the brain tissue provide an electromagnetic resonant cavity. Specific single frequencies are constructively reinforced so that a number of standing electromagnetic waves, each at its own single electromagnetic frequency in the microwave frequency region, are generated in the brain. Each such standing electromagnetic wave is called a characteristic mode of the brain/skull cavity. ... "The auditory cortex in the normally functioning mammalian brain is a source of microwave modes. The auditory cortex generates these modes in accordance with the neural stimulation of the auditory cortex by the cochlear nerve. ... "In this invention, the function of the ear, the cochlear nerve, and the auditory cortex are simulated. Microwaves simulating the mode matrix are inserted directly into the region of the auditory cortex. By this insertion of simulated microwave modes, the normal operation of the entire natural hearing mechanism is simulated..." A block diagram is shown of Figures 1 and 2 of the patent (here semi-combined), as well as Figures 8 and 10. Basically, "A microphone pick-up is amplified and driven through a bank of 24 audio filters to produce 24 audio bands. These are used to amplitude modulate 24 RF milliwatt transmitters. The combined RF signals are transmitted through a suitable antenna into the person with impaired hearing due to damage to the ear, the cochlear nerve, or the auditory cortex." My thanks to Donald Stratton for this simplified version of the patent's operation. It appears to be much more complicated than the Flanagan patent. Those of you interested in the engineering details should obtain a complete copy of the patent for further perusal. More excerpts from the patent concerning determination of the subject's microwave mode frequencies: The first method is by using a modified microwave hearing generator in which one oscillator signal is beamed at the subject and varied until the maximum perception value is discovered. "The perception, however, may consist of a buzzing or hissing sound rather than a tone because only one microwave frequency is being received. The first test of perception is to determine the subject's lowest modal frequency for audition (M=1). Once this modal frequency is obtained, the process is repeated for several higher modal frequencies..." Another method is given: "Purely anatomical estimation of subject's modal frequencies is performed by first measuring the maximum lateral dimension (breadth) L Figure 8 of the subject's head together with the maximum dimension D (anterior to posterior) in the medial plane of the subject's head. D is the distance along Z axis as shown in Figure 10. The ratio L/D, called in anthropology the cephalic index, is monotonically related to the boundary value _E_o defining the ellipsoidal surface approximating the interface between the brain and the skull in the prolate spheroidal coordinate system. _E_o defines the shape of this interface: _E_o and D together give an estimate of a, the semi-focal distance of the defining ellipsoid. Using _E_o and a, together with known values of the conductivity and dielectric constants of the brain tissue, those wavelengths are found for which the radial component of the electric field satisfies the boundary condition that is zero at _E_o. These wavelengths are the wavelengths associated with the standing waves or modes; the corresponding frequencies are found by dividing the phase velocity of microwaves in brain tissue by each of the wavelengths." A third method: "A subject's microwave modal frequencies may also be determined by observing the effect of external microwave radiation upon the EEG. The frequency of the M equal 1 mode may then be used as a base point to estimate all other modal frequencies ...the subject is laterally irradiated with a monochromatic microwave field simultaneous with EEG measurement and the microwave frequency altered until a significant change occurs in the EEG, the lowest such frequency causing an EEG change is found. This is identified as the M+1 mode." REFERENCES 1. See Resonance #28, May 1995, "Synthetic Telepathy," pp. 17-26. [MC: see also: MindNet Journal, Vol. 1, No. 32] 2. Begich, Dr. Nick and Manning, Jeane, _Angels Don't Play This HAARP_, Earthpulse Press, Anchorage, AK; 1995, p.6. 3. Moeser, William, "Whiz Kid, Hands Down," _Life_, Vol. 53 (11), Sept. 14, 1962, p 69f. 4. Manning, Jeane, "Electronic Telepathy Device," unnamed source. 5. Telephone conversation by author with Patrick and Gale Crystal Flanagan, Feb. 24, 1996. For more information about the Neurophone and other inventions, write to: Patrick Flanagan, 1109 S. Plaza Way, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 U.S.A. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Appendix A. ----------- 11/01/95 Judy Wall, editor Resonance 684 C.R. 535 Sumterville, FL 33585 Dear Ms. Wall, [...] I read "Synthetic Telepathy" with interest as you reference a paper written by Allan H. Frey in _Aerospace Med._, 1961. I possess a copy of a paper he wrote in 1962 for the _Journal of Applied Physiology_ on the same subject titled "Human Auditory System Response to Modulated Electromagnetic Energy." This article seems to be a result of Frey's further work in this area and modifies his earlier statements, made in the 1961 article, about the location and mechanisms of the RF detector in the auditory system. In your article it is stated, "This produces an acoustic stress wave that is conducted through the bone to the cochlea. From there it proceeds in the same manner as in conventional hearing." Frey's 1962 article states: "Another possible location for the detecting mechanism is in the cochlea. We have explored this possibility with nerve-deaf people, but the results are inconclusive due to factors such as tinnitus. We are currently exploring this possibility with animal preparations. "The third likely place for the detection mechanism is the brain. Burr and Mauro(6) presented evidence that indicates that there is an electrostatic field about neurons. Morrow and Sepiel (7) presented evidence that indicates the existence of a magnetic field about neurons. Becker (personal communication) has done some work indicating that there is longitudinal flow of charged carriers in neurons. Thus, it is reasonable to suspect that possibly the electromagnetic field could interact with neuron fields. As yet, evidence of this possibility is inconclusive. The strongest point against it is that we have not found visual effects although we have searched for them. On the other hand, we have obtained other nonauditory effects and have found that the sensitive area for detecting RF sounds is a region over the temporal lobe of the brain. One can shield, with a 2" x 2" piece of fly screen, a portion of the stippled area shown in Fig. 6 and completely cut off the RF sound. "Another possibility should also be considered. There is no good reason to assume that there is only one detector site. On the contrary, the work of Jones et al.(8), in which they placed electrodes in the ear and electrically stimulated the subject, is sufficiently relevant to suggest the possibility of more than one detector site. Also, several sensations have been elicited with properly modulated electromagnetic energy. It is doubtful that all of these can be attributed to one detector." As you can see, the third location that he is proposing does not involve simple mechanical effects on the cochlea via thermal expansion. Significantly, this seems to be related to the controversy that surrounds the debate over whether it is possible to affect the human organism with low-level RF and microwave energy that does not produce thermal effects. Of course, there have been many developments in the thirty years since these articles were written. I hope this information is of some use. Sincerely yours, Mike Coyle