Under Perception Management, PSYOP, Deception Issues, there is a book entitled "Getting Inside the Enemy's Head." Intelligence Newsletter (Le monde du renseignement), 3 October 1996, 7. Discusses the possibilities of cognitive warfare-mind control using acoustical, optical and electromagnetic fields to interfere with an enemy's biological processes.
Information-Age Warfare: A Working Bibliography.
Effects of low power microwaves on the local cerebral blood flow of conscious rats (Original link)
Sensitivity of auditory and vestibular systems to stimuli other than sound and motion
The behavioral toxicology of high-peak, low average power, pulsed microwave irradiation
The effects of electromagnetic fields on the nervous system
Microwave Induced Hearing Sensation
The Microwave Auditory Phenomenon
Auditory perception of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields
Microwave induced acoustic effects in mammalian auditory systems
Electronic expansion of human perception
Biological Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation.
Focusing and targeting of magnetic brain stimulation using multiple coils.
A 50-Hz electromagnetic field impairs sleep.
Electromagnetic stimulation of the auditory system: effects and side-effects.
Polarization of the Human Motor Cortex Through the Scalp
Document ID: 19810004209 N (81N12720)
File Series: NASA Technical Reports
Report Number: AD-A090426
Sales Agency & Price: CASI Hardcopy A02 CASI Microfiche A01
Authors: Oscar, K. J. (Army Mobility Equipment Command)
Published: Jun 01, 1980
Corporate Source: Army Mobility Equipment Command (Fort Belvoir, VA, United States)
Pages: 10
Contract Number: None
NASA Subject Category: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
Abstract:
A decoy and deception concept presently being considered is to remotely create the perception of noise in the heads of personnel by exposing them to low power, pulsed microwaves. When people are illuminated with properly modulated low power microwaves the sensation is reported as a buzzing, clicking, or hissing which seems to originate (regardless of the person's position in the field) within or just behind the head. The phenomena occurs at average power densities as low as microwatts per square centimeter with carrier frequencies from 0.4 to 3.0 GHz. By proper choice of pulse characteristics, intelligible speech may be created. Before this technique may be extended and used for military applications, an understanding of the basic principles must be developed. Such an understanding is not only required to optimize the use of the concept for camouflage, decoy and deception operations but is required to properly assess safety factors of such microwave exposure.
Major Subject Terms:
AUDITORY PERCEPTION BRAIN CIRCULATION DECEPTION MICROWAVES PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS RADIATION EFFECTS
Minor Subject Terms:
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS HEMODYNAMICS MILITARY TECHNOLOGY RADIATION DOSAGE SOUND LOCALIZATION
Language Note: English
Biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation
Fedorowski A, Steciwko A
Med Pr 1998 49:1 93-105
Abstract
Since the mid 1970's, when Adey discovered that extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) may affect the calcium ions efflux from various cells, bioeffects of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) have become the subject of growing interest and numerous research projects. At present, the fact that NIR exerts both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on different physiological cellular parameters is rather unquestionable. At the same time, some epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to EMF is potentially harmful even if its intensity is very low. It has been proved that thermal factors are not responsible for these effects, therefore nowadays, they are called 'non-thermal effects'. Our paper deals with three different aspects of biological effects of non-ionizing radiation, bioelectromagnetism, electromagnetobiology and electromagnetic bioinformation. Firstly, we describe how EMF and photons can be produced within a living cell, how biological cycles are controlled, and what are the features of endogenous electromagnetic radiation. Secondly, we discuss various facets of external EMF interactions with living matter, focusing on extremely-low-frequencies, radio- and microwaves. Possible mechanisms of these interactions are also mentioned. Finally, we present a short overview of current theories which explain how electromagnetic couplings may control an open and dissipative structure, namely the living organism. The theory of electromagnetic bioinformation seems to explain how different physiological processes are triggered and controlled, as well as how long-range interactions may possibly occur within the complex biological system. The review points out that the presented research data must be assessed very carefully since its evaluation is crucial to set the proper limits of EMF exposure, both occupational and environmental. The study of biological effects of non-ioinizing radiation may also contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
Focusing and targeting of magnetic brain stimulation using multiple coils Med Biol Eng Comput 1998 May 36:3 297-301 Abstract
Effects of an ELF (50 Hz, 1 mT) electromagnetic field (EMF) on concentration in visual attention, perception and memory including effects of EMF sensitivity Toxicol Lett 1998 Aug 96-97:£££ 377-82 Abstract
A 50-Hz electromagnetic field impairs sleep J Sleep Res 1999 Mar 8:1 77-81 Abstract
Electromagnetic stimulation of the auditory system: effects and side-effects Scand Audiol Suppl 1993 37 1-32 Abstract
Control of "choice" by application of the electromagnetic field equivalents of spoken words: mediation by emotional meaning rather \than linguistic dimensions? Percept Mot Skills 1997 Dec 85:3 Pt 2 1411-8 Abstract
Polarization of the Human Motor Cortex Through the Scalp NeuroReport, Vol. 9 Abstract
Ruohonen J, Ilmoniemi RJ
Neurones can be excited by an externally applied time-varying electromagnetic field. Focused magnetic brain stimulation is attained using multiple small coils instead of one large coil, the resultant induced electric field being a superposition of the fields from each coil. In multichannel magnetic brain stimulation, partial cancellation of fields from individual coils provides a significant improvement in the focusing of the stimulating field, and independent coil channels allow targeting of the stimuli on a given spot without moving the coils. The problem of shaping the stimulating field in multichannel stimulation is analysed, and a method is derived that yields the driving currents required to induce a field with a user-defined shape. The formulation makes use of lead fields and minimum-norm estimation from magneto-encephalography. Using these methods, some properties of multichannel coil arrays are examined. Computer-assisted multichannel stimulation of the cortex will enable several new studies, including quick determination of the cortical regions, the stimulation of which disrupts cortical processing required by a task.
Trimmel M, Schweiger E
To investigate psychological effects of an extremely low frequency (ELF)-electromagnetic field (EMF), an experiment with three conditions was designed. EMF field of 50 Hz and 1 mT accompanied by 45 dB SPL noise (EMF + noise), noise, and control. A group of 66 subjects (Ss) participated in the control and in one of the experimental conditions. The sequence of conditions (expositions) was balanced. Expositions were double-blind (except for the obvious control), lasted 1 h and were separated by a 1 h pause. During exposition Ss (three by three) performed tests on attention, perception, memory and filled out a psychological questionnaire. Statistical analysis (one-tailed probability) showed less attention (P < 0.05), perception (P < 0.05) and memory performance (P < 0.1) in Ss exposed to EMF + noise compared with control, whereas for noise versus control no difference was found. Comparing EMF + noise versus noise related to control, reduced perception, less memory performance and more discomfort was observed (P < 0.1). Dividing Ss according to their self-rated sensitivity to EMF, all differences disappeared in the low sensitivity group (N = 30) and were pronounced in sensitive Ss (N = 36). Results indicate an immediate reduction of cognitive performance in attention, perception and memory performance by a 50 Hz EMF of 1 mT. These effects seem to be modulated by the self-perception of sensitivity to EMF.
Akerstedt T, Arnetz B, Ficca G, Paulsson LE, Kallner A
In view of reports of health problems induced by low frequency (50-60 Hz) electromagnetic fields (EMF), we carried out a study in 18 healthy subjects, comparing sleep with and without exposure to a 50 Hz/1 mu Tesla electrical field. We found that the EMF condition was associated with reduced: total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, stages 3 + 4 slow wave sleep (SWS), and slow wave activity (SWA). Circulating melatonin, growth hormone, prolactin, testosterone or cortisol were not affected. The results suggest that commonly occurring low frequency electromagnetic fields may interfere with sleep.
Counter SA
Extracranial electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) is a recently developed clinical technique which may be used in place of conventional transcutaneous electrical stimulation to activate the central and peripheral nervous systems. This technique is widely used in neurology and otolaryngology for non-invasive stimulation of the brain and facial nerve. EMS uses electromagnetic field pulses which pass unimpeded through the cranium and soft tissues to activate excitable membranes of volume conductors. In this series of studies, the effects and side-effects of electromagnetic stimulation on the auditory system of humans and experimental animals were investigated. In the first study, 18 profoundly hard-of-hearing and deaf patients who were candidates for cochlear implants were examined by non-invasive EMS in an effort to determine whether EMS could stimulate residual neurons in the cochlea, 8th nerve proper, or higher auditory brain centers, and evoke auditory sensations. The patients were stimulated with a magnetic coil positioned at the (1) auricle, (2) mastoid process, and (3) the temporal lobe area. EMS elicited auditory sensations in 26 ears (of 14 patients/subjects). The lowest threshold of auditory sensation (TAS) at each stimulus position was found to be at the 20% EMS level, with a range of 20-50% of the maximum level (2.0 Tesla), and with equal sensitivity in each coil position. There was no correlation between the EMS/TAS and the immediate postoperative psychoacoustic tests in ten patients receiving cochlear implants. A prominent side effect of EMS was found to be the high intensity, high frequency impulse noise generated by the coil which causes severe cochlear damage and permanent sensorineural hearing loss in experimental animals. Measurements of the sound pressure level (SPL) of the magnetic coil acoustic artifact (MCAA) at the tympanic membrane of the rabbit ear showed levels of up to 160 dB for maximum EMS. Measurements of the spectral content and SPL of the MCAA in the ear canal of life size models of the human cranium with the stimulating coil placed at standard clinical positions indicated that the major acoustic energy of the pulse is concentrated in the 2-5 kHz range, and that the SPL of the pulse at some positions may place persons at risk for hearing loss. Studies on computer simulated impulse noises showed that the peak sound pressure rather than the rise time (in the range 0.1-1.0 ms) determined the permanent threshold shift (PTS). The MCAA was more harmful than a 128 dB SPL continuous noise with 100 times more energy.
Healey F, Persinger MA, Koren SA
Electromagnetic equivalents (about 1 microT) of the acoustic signature of spoken words were applied across the temporoparietal lobes by an array of external solenoids. Participants were asked to select the target word within a group of words. The experimental group of 7 chose the target word or words that shared its emotional dimensions (activation, evaluation) more frequently than did the reference group of 6 who received no electromagnetic equivalents. Implications for the neurocognitive detection of the emotional (connotative) components of word stimuli when transformed to electromagnetic equivalents rather than direct images or "word sounds" are discussed.
Priori, Alberto, Berardelli, Alfredo et al
Direct currents (DC) applied directly to central nervous system structures produce substantial and long-lasting effects in animal experiments. We tested the functional effects of a very weak scalp DC (<0.5 mA, 7s) on the human motor cortex by assessing the changes in motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic brain stimulation. We performed four different experiments in fifteen voluntary healthy subjects. Our findings lead to the conclusion that a weak (<0.5 mA) anodal scalp DC, alternated with a cathodal DC, significantly depress the excitability of the human motor cortex, providing evidence that a minimum electric field crosses the skull and influences the brain. A possible mechanism of action of scalp DC is the hyperpolarization of the superficial excitatory interneurones in the human motor cortex.