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     MindNet Journal - Vol. 1, No. 3a * [Part 1 of 6 parts]
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     V E R I C O M M / MindNet         "Quid veritas est?"
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Notes:

The following is reproduced here with the express permission of
the author.

Permission is given to reproduce and redistribute, for
non-commercial purposes only, provided this information and the
copy, remain intact and unedited.

The views, and opinions, expressed below are not necessarily the
views and opinions of VERICOMM, MindNet, or the editor, unless
otherwise noted.

Editor's Note:

The following original version of _The Controllers: A New 
Hypothesis of Alien Abduction_ by Martin Cannon, was originally 
published in pamphlet form in 1989. Since that time, it has 
been recognized as one of the most well researched works on the 
phenomena of alien abduction reports and their possible 
connection to government mind control experimentation.

An updated, and much expanded, version of _The Controllers_, 
will soon be published in book form for the first time by Feral 
House, POB 3466, Portland, OR 97208.

Editor: Mike Coyle 

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                       >>THE CONTROLLERS:<<
               A New Hypothesis of Alien Abduction

                                by
                           
                           Martin Cannon

I. Introduction

   One wag has dubbed the problem "Terra and the Pirates."
   The pirates, ostensibly, are marauders from another solar
system; their victims include a growing number of troubled human
beings who insist that they've been shanghaied by these
otherworldly visitors. An outlandish scenario -- yet through the
works of such authors as Budd Hopkins[1] and Whitley Strieber[2],
the "alien abduction" syndrome has seized the public imagination.
Indeed, tales of UFO contact threaten to lapse into fashion-
ability, even though, as I have elsewhere noted[3], they may
still inflict a formidable social price upon the claimant.
   Some time ago, I began to research these claims, concentrating
my studies on the social and political environment surrounding
these events. As I studied, the project grew and its scope
widened. Indeed, I began to feel as though I'd gone digging
through familiar terrain only to unearth Gomorrah.
   These excavations may have disgorged a solution.

THE PROBLEM

   Among ufologists, the term "abduction" has come to refer to an
infinitely- confounding experience, or matrix of experiences,
shared by a dizzying number of individuals, who claim that
travellers from the stars have scooped them out of their beds, or
snatched them from their cars, and subjected them to 
interrogations, quasi-medical examinations, and "instruction" 
periods.  Usually, these sessions are said to occur
within alien spacecraft; frequently, the stories include
terrifying details reminiscent of the tortures inflicted in
Germany's death camps. The abductees often (though not always)
lose all memory of these events;  they find themselves back in
their cars or beds,  unable to account for hours of "missing
time."  Hypnosis, or some other  trigger, can bring back these
haunted hours in an explosion of recollection -- and as the smoke
clears, an abductee will often spot a trail of similar
experiences, stretching all the way back to childhood.
   Perhaps the oddest fact of these odd tales: Many abductees,
for all their vividly-recollected agonies, claim to love their
alien tormentors. That's the word I've heard repeatedly: love.
   Within the community of "scientific ufologists" -- those
lonely, all-too little-heard advocates of reasonable and
open-minded debate on matters saucerological -- these claims have
elicited cautious interest and a commend- able restraint from
conclusion-hopping. Outside the higher realms of scientific
ufology, the situation is, alas, quite different. In the popular
press, in both the "straight" and sensationalist media, within
that journalistic realm where issues are defined and public
opinion solidified (despite a frequently superficial approach to
matters of evidence and investigation) abduction scenarios have
elicited two basic reactions: that of the Believer and the
Skeptic.
   The Believers -- and here we should note that "Believers" and
"abductees" are two groups whose memberships overlap but are in
no way congruent -- accept such stories at face value. They
accept, despite the seeming absurdity of these tales, the
internal contradictions, the askew logic of narrative
construction, the severe discontinuity of emotional response to
the actions described. The Believers believe, despite reports
that their beloved "space brothers" use vile and inhuman tactics
of medical examination -- senseless procedures most of us (and
certainly the vanguard of an advanced race) would be ashamed to
inflict on an animal. The Believers believe, despite the
difficulty of reconciling these unsettling tales with their own
deliriums of benevolent off-worlders.
   Occasionally, the rough notes of a rationalization are
offered: "The aliens don't know what they are doing," we hear; or
"Some aliens are bad." Yet the Believers confound their own
reasoning when they insist on ascribing the wisdom of the ages
and the beneficence of the angels to their beloved visitors. The
aliens allegedly know enough about our society to go about their
business undetected by the local authorities and the general
public; they communicate with the abductees in human tongue; they
concern themselves with details of the percipients' innermost
lives -- yet they remain so ignorant of our culture as to be
unaware of the basic moral precepts concerning the dignity of the
individual and the right to self-determination. Such dichotomies
don't bother the Believers; they are the faithful, and faith is
assumed to have its mysteries. SANCTA SIMPLICITAS.
   Conversely, the Skeptics dismiss these stories out of hand.
They dismiss, despite the intriguing confirmatory details: the
multiple witness events, the physical traces left by the
ufonauts, the scars and implants left on the abductees. The
skeptics scoff, though the abductees tell stories similar in
detail -- even certain tiny details, not known to the general
public.
   Philip Klass is a debunker who, through his appearances on
such television programs as NOVA and NIGHTLINE, has been in a
position to affect much of the public debate on UFOs. In his
interesting but poorly-documented work on abductions[4], Klass
claims that "abduction" is a psychological disease,  spread by
those who write about it. This argument exactly resembles the
professional press-basher's frequent assertion that terrorism
metastasizes through media exposure. Yet for all the millions of
words expectorated by newsfolk on the subject of terrorism,
terrorist actions remain quite rare, as any statistician (though
few politicians) will admit, and verifiable  linkage between
crimes and their coverage remains to be found. For that matter,
there have been books -- bestsellers, even -- on unicorns and
gnomes. People who claim to see those creatures are few.
Abductees are plentiful.
   Both Believer and Skeptic, in my opinion, miss the real story.
Both make the same mistake: They connect the abduction phenomenon
to the forty-year history of UFO sightings, and they apply their
prejudices about the latter to the controversy about the former.
   At first sight, the link seems natural. Shouldn't our thoughts
about UFOs color our thoughts about UFO abductions?
   NO.
   They may well be separate issues. Or, rather, they are
connected only in this: The myth of the UFO has provided an
effective cover story for an entirely different sort of mystery.
Remove yourself from the Believer/Skeptic dialectic, and you will
see the third alternative.
   As we examine this alternative, we will, of necessity, stray
far from the saucers. We must turn our face from the paranormal
and concentrate on the occult -- if, by "occult," we mean SECRET.
   I posit that the abductees HAVE been abducted. Yet they are
also spewing fantasy -- or, more precisely, they have been given
a set of lies to repeat and believe. If my hypothesis proves
true, then we must accept the following: The kidnapping is real.
The fear is real. The pain is real. The instruction is real. But
the little grey men from Zeti Reticuli are NOT real; they are
constructs, Halloween masks meant to disguise the real faces of
the con- trollers. The abductors may not be visitors from Beyond;
rather, they may be a symptom of the carcinoma which blackens our
body politic.
   The fault lies not in our stars, but in ourselves.

THE HYPOTHESIS

   Substantial evidence exists linking members of this country's
intelligence community (including the Central Intelligence
Agency, the Defense Advanvced Research Projects Agency, and the
Office of Naval Intelligence) with the esoteric technology of
MIND CONTROL. For decades, "spy-chiatrists" working behind the
scenes -- on college campuses, in CIA-sponsored institutes, and
(most heinously) in prisons -- have experimented with the erasure
of memory, hypnotic resistance to torture, truth serums,
post-hypnotic suggestion, rapid induction of hypnosis, electronic
stimulation of the brain, non-ionizing radiation, microwave
induction of intracerebral "voices," and a host of even more
disturbing technologies. Some of the projects exploring these
areas were ARTICHOKE, BLUEBIRD, PANDORA, MKDELTA, MKSEARCH and
the infamous MKULTRA.
   I have read nearly every available book on these projects, as
well as the relevant congressional testimony[5]. I have also
spent much time in university libraries researching relevant
articles, contacting other researchers (who have graciously
allowed me access to their files), and conducting interviews.
Moreover, I traveled to Washington, DC to review the files John
Marks compiled  when he wrote THE SEARCH FOR "THE MANCHURIAN
CANDIDATE"[6]. These files  include some 20,000 pages of CIA and
Defense Department documents, interviews, scientific articles,
letters, etc. The views presented here are the result of
extensive and ongoing research.
   As a result of this research, I have come to the following
conclusions:
   1. Although misleading (and occasionally perjured) testimony
before Congress indicated that the CIA's "brainwashing" efforts
met with little success[7], striking advances were, in fact, made
in this field. As CIA veteran Miles Copeland once admitted to a
reporter, "The congressional  subcommittee which went into this
sort of thing got only the barest glimpse." [8]
   2. Clandestine research into thought manipulation has NOT
stopped, despite CIA protestations that it no longer sponsors
such studies. Victor Marchetti, 14-year veteran of the CIA and
author of the renown expose, THE CIA AND THE CULT OF
INTELLIGENCE, confirmed in a 1977 interview that the mind control
 research continues, and that CIA claims to the contrary are a
"cover story."[9]
   3. The Central Intelligence Agency was not the only government
agency involved in this research[10]. Indeed, many branches of
our government took part in these studies -- including NASA, the
Atomic Energy Commission, as well as all branches of the Defense
Department.
   To these conclusions I would append the following -- NOT as
firmly- established historical fact, but as a working hypothesis
and grounds for investigation:
   4. The "UFO abduction" phenomenon MIGHT be a continuation of
clandestine mind control operations.
   I recognize the difficulties this thesis might present to
those readers emotionally wedded to the extraterrestrial
hypothesis, or to those whose political WELTANSHAUUNG disallows
any such suspicions. Still, the open- minded student of
abductions should consider the possibilities. Certainly, we are
not being narrow-minded if we ask researchers to exhaust ALL
terrestrial explanations before looking heavenward.
   Granted, this particular explanation may, at first, seem as
bizarre as the phenomenon itself. But I invite the skeptical
reader to examine the work of George Estabrooks, a seminal
theorist on the use of hypnosis in warfare, and a veteran of
Project MKULTRA. Estabrooks once amused himself during a party by
covertly hypnotizing two friends, who were led to believe that
the Prime Minister of England had just arrived; Estabrooks'
victims spent an hour  conversing with, and even serving drinks
to, the esteemed visitor[11]. For ufologists, this incident
raises an inescapable question: If the Mesmeric arts can
successfully evoke a non-existent Prime Minister, why can't a
represent- ative from the Pleiades be similarly induced?
   But there is much more to the present day technology of mind
control than mere hypnosis -- and many good reasons to suspect
that UFO abduction accounts are an artifact of continuing
brainwashing/behavior modification experiments. Moreover, I
intend to demonstrate that, by using UFO mythology as a cover
story, the experimenters may have solved the major problem with
the work conducted in the 1950s -- "the disposal problem," i.e.,
the question of  "What do we do with the victims?"
   If, in these pages, I seem to stray from the subject of the
saucers, I plead for patience. Before I attempt to link UFO
abductions with mind control experiments, I must first show that
this technology EXISTS. Much of the forthcoming is an
introduction to the topic of mind control -- what it is, and how
it works.

II. The Technology

A BRIEF OVERVIEW

   In the early days of World War II, George Estabrooks, of
Colgate University, wrote to the Department of War, describing in
breathless terms the possible uses of hypnosis in warfare[12].
The Army was intrigued; Estabrooks had a job. The true history of
Estabrooks' wartime collaboration with the CID, FBI[13] and other
agencies may never be told: After the war, he burned his diary
pages covering the years 1940-45, and thereafter avoided
discussing his continuing government work with anyone, even close
members of the family[14]. Occasionally, he strongly intimated
that his work involved the creation of hypno-programmed couriers
and hypnotically-induced split personalities, but whether he
succeeded in these areas remains a controversial point. Neverthe-
less, the eccentric and flamboyant Estabrooks remains a pivotal
figure in the early history of clandestine behavioral research.
   Which is not to say that he worked alone. World War II was the
first conflict in which the human brain became a field of battle,
where invading forces were led by the most notable names in
psychology and pharmacology. On both sides, the war spurred
furious efforts to create a "truth drug" for use in interrogating
prisoners. General William "Wild Bill" Donovan, director of the
OSS, tasked his crack team -- including Dr. Winifred Overhulser,
Dr. Edward Strecker, Harry J. Anslinger and George White -- to
modify human  perception and behavior through chemical means;
their "medicine cabinet" included scopolamine, peyote,
barbiturates, mescaline, and marijuana. (This research had its
amusing side: Donovan's "psychic warriors" conducted many
extensive and expensive trials before deciding that the best
method of administering tetrahydrocannibinol, the active
ingredient in marijuana, was via the cigarette. Any jazz musician
could have told them as much[15].)
   Simultaneously, the notorious NAZI doctors at Dachau
experimented with mescaline as a means of eliminating the
victim's will to resist. Jews, slavs, gypsies, and other
"Untermenschen" in the camp were surreptitiously slipped the
drug; later, mescaline was combined with hypnosis[16]. The
results of these tests were made available to the United States
after the War. [cf. Operation PAPERCLIP, which transferred
thousands of German and Japanese intelligence researchers
directly into the U.S. intelligence community. "Our Germans are
BETTER than their Germans!" - DR. STRANGELOVE   -jpg]
   In 1947, the Navy conducted the first known post-war mind
control program, Project CHAPTER, which continued the drug
experiments. Decades later,  journalists and investigators still
haven't uncovered much information about  this project -- or,
indeed, about any of the military's other excursions into this
field. We know that the Army eventually founded operations THIRD
CHANCE and DERBY HAT; other project names remain mysterious,
though the existence of these programs is unquestionable. [?
-jpg]
   The newly-formed CIA plunged into this cesspool in 1950, with
Project BLUEBIRD, rechristened ARTICHOKE in 1951. To establish a
"cover story" for this research, the CIA funded a propaganda
effort designed to convince the world that the Communist Bloc had
devised insidious new methods of re-shaping the human will; the
CIA's own efforts could therefore, if exposed, be explained as an
attempt to "catch up" with Soviet and Chinese work. The primary
promoter of this "line" was one Edward Hunter, a CIA contract
employee operating under- cover as a journalist, and, later, a
prominent member of the John Birch society. (Hunter was an OSS
veteran of the China theatre -- the same spawning grounds which
produced Richard Helms, Howard Hunt, Mitch WerBell, Fred
Chrisman, Paul Helliwell and a host of other noteworthies who
came to dominate that strange land where the worlds of
intelligence and right-wing extremism meet[17].)  Hunter offered
"brainwashing" as the explanation for the numerous confessions
signed by American prisoners of war during the Korean War and
(generally) UN-recanted upon the prisoners' repatriation. These
confes- sions alleged that the United States used germ warfare in
the Korean conflict, a claim which the American public of the
time found impossible to accept. Many years later, however,
investigative reporters discovered that Japan's germ warfare
specialists (who had wreaked incalculable terror on the conquered
Chinese during WWII) had been mustered into the American national
security apparat -- and that the knowledge gleaned from Japan's
horrifying germ warfare experiments probably WAS used in Korea,
just as the "brainwashed" soldiers had indicated[18]. Thus, we
now know that the entire brainwashing scare of the 1950s
constituted a CIA hoax perpetrated upon the American public: CIA
deputy director Richard Helms admitted as much when, in 1963, he
told the Warren Commission that Soviet mind control research
consistently lagged years behind American efforts[19].
   When the CIA's mind control program was transferred from the
Office of Security to the Technical Services Staff (TSS) in 1953,
the name changed again -- to MKULTRA[20]. Many consider this
wide-ranging "octopus" project -- whose tentacles twined through
the corridors of numerous universities and around the necks of an
army of scientists -- the most ominous operation in CIA's
catalogue of atrocity. Through MKULTRA, the Agency created an
umbrella program of a positively Joycean scope, designed to
ferret out all possible means of invading what George Orwell once
called "the space between our ears" (Later still, in 1962, mind
control research was transferred to the Office of Research and
Development; project cryptonyms remain unrevealed[21].)
   What was studied? Everything -- including hypnosis,
conditioning, sensory deprivation, drugs, religious cults,
microwaves, psychosurgery, brain implants, and even ESP. When
MKULTRA "leaked" to the public during the great CIA
investigations of the 1970s, public attention focused most
heavily on drug experimentation and the work with ESP[22].
Mystery still shrouds another area of study, the area which seems
to have most interested ORD: psychoelectronics. This research may
prove key to our understanding of the UFO abduction  phenomenon.

IMPLANTS

   Perhaps the most interesting pieces of evidence surrounding
the abduction phenomenon are the intracerebral implants allegedly
visible in the X-rays and MRI scans of many abductees[23].
Indeed, abductees often describe operations in which needles are
inserted into the brain; more frequently still, they report
implantation of foreign objects through the sinus cavities. Many
abduction specialists assume that these intracranial incursions
must be the handiwork of scientists from the stars.
Unfortunately, these researchers have failed to familiarize
themselves with certain little-heralded advances in terrestrial
technology.
   The abductees' implants strongly suggest a technological
lineage which can be traced to a device known as a "stimoceiver,"
invented in the late '50s- early '60s by a neuroscientist named
Jose Delgado. The stimoceiver is a miniature depth electrode
which can receive and transmit electronic signals over FM radio
waves. By stimulating a correctly-positioned stimoceiver, an
outside operator can wield a surprising degree of control over
the subject's responses.
   The most famous example of the stimoceiver in action occurred
in a Madrid bull ring. Delgado "wired" the bull before stepping
into the ring, entirely unprotected. Furious for gore, the bull
charged toward the doctor -- then stopped, just before reaching
him. The technician-turned-toreador had halted the animal by
simply pushing a button on a black box, held in the hand[24].
   Delgado's PHYSICAL CONTROL OF THE MIND: TOWARD A
PSYCHOCIVILISED SOCIETY[25] remains the sole, full-length,
popularly-written work on intracerebral implants and electronic
stimulation of the brain (ESB). (The book's ominous title and
unconvincing philosophical rationales for mass mind control
prompted an unfavorable public reaction -- which may have
deterred other researchers from publishing on this theme for a
general audience.)  While subsequent work has long since
superceded the techniques described in this book, Delgado's
achievements were seminal. His animal and human experiments
clearly demon- strate that the experimenter can electronically
induce emotions and behavior: Under certain conditions, the
extremes of temperament -- rage, lust, fatigue, etc. -- can be
elicited by an outside operator as easily as an organist might
call forth a C-major chord.
   Delgado writes: "Radio stimulation of different points in the
amygdala and hippocampus in the four patients produced a variety
of effects, including  pleasant sensations, elation, deep,
thoughtful concentration, odd feelings, super relaxation, colored
visions, and other responses."[26]  The evocative phrase "colored
vision" clearly indicates remotely-induced hallucination; we will
detail later how these hallucinations may be "controlled" by an
outside operator.
   Speaking in 1966 -- and reflecting research undertaken years
previous -- Delgado asserted that his experiments "support the
distasteful conclusion that motion, emotion, and behavior can be
directed by electrical forces and that humans can be controlled
like robots by push buttons."[27]  He even prophesied a day when
brain control could be turned over to non-human operators, by
establishing two-way radio communication between the implanted
brain and a computer[28]. 
   Of one experimental subject, Delgado notes that "the patient
expressed the successive sensations of fainting, fright and
floating around. These  'floating' feelings were repeatedly
evoked on different days by stimulation of the same point..."[29]
 Ufologists may recognize the similarity of this sequence of
events to abductee reports of the opening minutes of their
experiences[30]. Under subsequent hypnosis, the abductee could be
instructed to misremember the cause of this floating sensation.
   In a fascinating series of experiments, Delgado attached the
stimoceiver to the tympanic membrane, thereby transforming the
ear into a sort of micro- phone. An assistant would whisper "How
are you?" into the ear of a suitably "fixed" cat, and Delgado
could hear the words over a loudspeaker in the next room. The
application of this technology to the spy trade should be readily
apparent. According to Victor Marchetti, The Agency once
attempted a highly- sophisticated extension of this basic idea,
in which radio implants were attached to a cat's cochlea, to
facilitate the pinpointing of specific conversations, freed from
extraneous surrounding noises[31]. Such "advances" exacerbate the
already-imposing level of Twentieth-Century paranoia: Not only
can our phones be tapped and mail checked, but even TABBY may be
spying on us!
   Yet the ramifications of this technology may go even deeper
than Marchetti indicates. I presume that if a suitably-wired
subject's inner ear can be made into a microphone, it can also be
made into a loudspeaker -- one possible explanation for the
"voices" heard by abductees[32]. Indeed, I have personally viewed
a strange, opalescent implant within the ear canal of an
abductee. I see no reason to ascribe this device to alien
intrusion -- more than likely, the "intruders" in this case were
the technological inheritors of the Delgado legacy. Indeed, not
many years after Delgado's experiments with the cat,  Ralph
Schwitzgebel devised a "bug-in-the-ear" via which the therapist
-- odd term, under the circumstances -- can communicate with his
subject[33].
   Other researchers have made notable contributions to this
field. 
   Robert G. Heath, of Tulane University, who has implanted as
many as 125 electrodes in his subjects, achieved his greatest
notoriety by attempting to "cure" homosexuality through ESB. In
his experiments, he discovered that he could control his
patients' memory, (a feat which, applied in the ufological
context, may account for the phenomenon of "missing time"); he
could also  induce sexual arousal, fear, pleasure, and
hallucinations[34].
   Heath and another researcher, James Olds[35], have
independently illustrated that areas of the brain in and near the
hypothalamus have, when electronically stimulated, what has been
described as "rewarding" and "aversive" effects. Both animals and
men, when given the means to induce their own ESB of the  brain's
pleasure centers, will stimulate themselves at a tremendous rate,
ignoring such basic drives as hunger and thirst[36]. (Using fixed
electrodes of his own invention, John C. Lilly had accomplished
similar effects in the early 1950s[37].)  Anyone who has studied
the abduction phenomenon will find himself on familiar territory
here, for the abductee accounts are replete with stories of
bewildering and inappropriate sexual response countered by
extremely painful stimuli -- operant conditioning, at its most
extreme, and most insidious, for here we see a form of
conditioning in which the manipulator renders himself invisible.
Indeed, B.F. Skinner-esque aversive therapy, remotely appiled,
was Heath's prescription for "healing" homosexuality[38].
   Ralph Schwitzgebel and his brother Robert have produced a
panoply of devices for tracking individuals over long ranges;
they may be considered the creators of the "electronic house
arrest" devices recently approved by the courts[39]. Schwitzgebel
devices could be used for tracking all the physical and
neurological signs of a "patient" within a quarter of a mile[40],
thereby lifting the distance limitations which restricted
Delgado.
   In Ralph Schwitzgebel's initial work, application of this
technology to ESB seems to have been limited to cumbersome brain
implants with protruding wires. But the technology was soon
miniaturized, and a scheme was proposed whereby radio receivers
would be mounted on utility poles throughout a given city,
thereby providing 24-hour-a-day monitoring capability[41]. Like
Heath, Schwitzgebel was much exercised about homosexuality and
the use of intracranial devices to combat sexual deviation. But
he has also spoken ominously about applying his devices to
"socially troublesome persons"... which, of course, could mean
anyone[42].
   Bryan Robinson, of the Yerkes primate laboratory has conducted
fascinating simian research on the use of remote ESB in a social
context. He could cause mothers to ignore their offspring,
despite the babies' cries. He could turn submission into
dominance, and vice-versa[43].
   Perhaps the most disturbing wanderer into this mind-field is
Joseph A. Meyer, of the National Security Agency, the most
formidable and secretive component of America's national security
complex. Meyer has proposed implant- ing roughly half of all
Americans arrested -- not necessarily convicted -- of any crime;
the numbers of "subscribers" (his euphemism) would run into the
tens of millions. "Subscribers" could be monitored continually by
computer wherever they went. Meyer, who has carefully worked out
the economics of his mass-implantation system, asserts that
taxpayer liability should be reduced by forcing subscribers to
"rent" the implant from the State. Implants are cheaper and more
efficient than police, Meyer suggests, since the call to crime is
relentless for the poor "urban dweller" -- who, this
spook-scientist admits in a surprisingly candid aside, is
fundamentally unnecessary to a post- industrial economy. "Urban
dweller" may be another of Meyer's euphemisms: He uses New York's
Harlem as his model community in working out the details of his
mind-management system[44].

ABDUCTEE IMPLANTS

   If we are to take seriously abductee accounts of brain
implants, we must  consider the possibility that the implanters,
properly perceived, DON'T look much like the "greys" pictured on
Strieber's dustjackets. Instead, the visitors may resemble Dr.
Meyer and his brethren. We would thus have an explanation for
both the reports of abductee brain implants and, as we shall see,
the "scoop marks" and other scars visible on other parts of the
abductees' bodies. We would also have an explanation for the
reports of individuals  suffering personality change after
contact with the UFO phenomenon.
   Skeptics might counter that the time factor of UFO abductions
disallows this possibility. If estimates of "missing time" are
correct, the abductions rarely take longer than one-to-three
hours. Wouldn't a brain surgeon,  operating under less-than-ideal
conditions (perhaps in a mobile unit) need more time?
   NO -- not if we accept the claims of a Florida doctor named
Daniel Man. He recently proposed a draconian solution to the
overblown "missing children problem," by suggesting a program
wherein America's youngsters would be implanted with tiny
transmitters in order to track the children continuously. Man
brags that the operation can be done right in the office -- and
would take less than 20 minutes[45].
   Conceivably, it might take a tad longer in the field.

A QUESTION OF TIMING

   The history of brain implantation, as gleaned from the open
literature, is certainly disquieting. Yet this history has almost
certainly been censored, and the dates manipulated in a
nigh-Orwellian fashion. When dealing with research funded by the
engines of national security, one can never know the true origin
date of any individual scientific advance. However, if we listen
carefully to the scientists who have pioneered this research, we
may hear whispers, faint but unmistakable, hinting that
remotely-applied ESB originated earlier than published studies
would indicate.
   In his autobiography THE SCIENTIST, John C. Lilly (who would
later achieve a cultish reknown for his work with dolphins, drugs
and sensory deprivation) records a conversation he had with the
director of the National Institute of Mental Health -- in 1953.
The director asked Lilly to brief the CIA, FBI, NSA and the
various military intelligence services on his work using
electrodes to stimulate directly the pleasure and pain centers of
the brain. Lilly refused, noting, in his reply:

            Dr. Antoine Remond, using our techniques in Paris, has
         demonstrated that this method of stimulation of the brain
         can be applied to the human without the help of the 
         neurosurgeon; he is doing it in his office in Paris 
         without neurosurgical supervision. This means that 
         anybody with the proper apparatus can carry this out on 
         a person covertly, with no external signs that electrodes 
         have been used on that person. 
            I feel that if this technique got into the hands of a 
         secret agency, they  would have total control over a 
         human being and be able to change his beliefs extremely 
         quickly, leaving little evidence of what they had done[46].

   Lilly's assertion of the moral high ground here is
interesting. Despite his avowed phobia against secrecy, a careful
reading of THE SCIENTIST reveals  that he continued to do work
useful to this country's national security appar- atus. His
sensory deprivation experiments expanded upon the work of
ARTICHOKE's Maitland Baldwin, and even his dolphin research has
-- perhaps inadvertently proved useful in naval warfare[47]. One
should note that Lilly's work on monkeys carried a "secret"
classification, and that NIMH was a common CIA funding
conduit[48].
   But the most important aspect of Lilly's statement is its
date. 1953? How far back does radio-controlled ESB go? Alas, I
have not yet seen Remond's work -- if it is available in the open
literature. In the documents made available to Marks, the
earliest reference to remotely-applied ESB is a 1959 financial
document pertaining to MKULTRA subproject 94. The general
subproject descriptions sent to the CIA's financial department
rarely contain much information, and rarely change from year to
year, leaving us little idea as to when this subproject began.

[Continued to part 2]
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