NAME

8al, kal, val - ALEF compilers

SYNOPSIS

8al [ option ... ] [ file ... ]
kal [ option ... ] [ file ... ]
val [ option ... ] [ file ... ]

DESCRIPTION

ALEF is a concurrent programming language with a syntax like C's. Kal, val and 8al compile the named ALEF source files into SPARC, MIPS and Intel 386 object files. Source files have the extension .l. The ALEF source is passed through cpp(1) prior to compilation. Object files have the normal extension for each architecture: .k for SPARC, .v for MIPS and .8 for 386. Up to $NPROC files will be compiled in parallel.

The compiler options are:

-o obj

Place output in file obj (ignored if there is more than one input file). Default is to take the last element of the input pathname, strip any trailing .l, and append the object file suffix.

-a

Write no object file, but produce an acid(1) program on standard output, comprising a set of type declarations and functions to print those types.

-aa

Like -a but suppress output for types and functions declared in header files.

-w

Print warning messages for non fatal errors.

-N

Do not run the code optimizer.

-c

Do not compile code for check statements.

-S

Produce assembly language instead of object code as output. By default, output goes to a file named by the last element of the input pathname with .l replaced by .s.

-Dname=def

-Dname

Define the name to the preprocessor, as if by #define. If no definition is given, the name is defined as 1.

-Idir

#include files whose names do not begin with / are always sought first in the directory of the file argument, then in directories named in -I options, then in /sys/include/alef, and finally in /$objtype/include/alef.

-dc

Produce various forms of debugging. The character c is an alphabetic.

The compiler recognizes several #pragma directives. The first, #pragma lib, is the same as in 2c(1). The others have effect only when profiling is turned on by the -p option of the loader (see 2l(1)). The directive #pragma noprofile disables the generation of profiling code for subsequently declared functions; #pragma profile enables it again. The main use of these directives is to avoid the profiling confusion caused by functions that do not explicitly return, such as the task-switching functions in the run-time system. Nonetheless, without support for profiling multi-process programs, it remains difficult to profile Alef programs.

EXAMPLE

To compile and run on a SPARC the ALEF program in the current directory:

kal -w *.l

kl *.k

k.out

FILES

/sys/include/alef

directory for #include files.

/$objtype/lib/alef

directory for ALEF libraries

SOURCE

/sys/src/alef/port

machine-independent part

/sys/src/alef/8,etc.

machine-dependent parts

SEE ALSO

acid(1), 2a(1), 2l(1), mk(1), nm(1), db(1)
Phil Winterbottom, ``Alef Reference Manual'', and Bob Flandrena, ``Alef User's Guide''.