ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS (E^3) Definition: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of a system or product to function properly in its electromagnetic environment and not be a source itself of electromagnetic interference. It encompasses all electromagnetic disciplines, including Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC); Electromagnetic Interference (EMI); Electromagnetic Vulnerability (EMV); Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP); Hazard of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel, Ordnance and Fuels (HERP, HERO, HERF); Lightning, P-static; Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), and Emission Control (EMCON). E3 related definitions are listed ANSI C63.14. There are many types of E3 that can affect the electromagnetic compatibility of a system. Each type is a specialty area unto itself. From a broad perspective, the operational requirement is to properly address the EMC environment over the system life cycle. EMC is a part of the mandatory Integrated Logistics Assessment (ILA) program required by SECNAVINST 4105.1, 30 May 96. Acquisition Reform Principles: From an acquisition reform perspective, E3 should be covered in performance based system requirements using actual environmental measurements or other resources. Look For: E^3 performance based requirements specified in the specification and statement of work. Design specifications that incorporate performance based requirements addressing Electromagnetic Interface (EMI), Electromagnetic Compatibility/Vulnerability (EMC/V), Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), P-Static, Lighting, RADHAZ (HERO, HERF, HERP), EMCON and TEMPEST. A complete description of the electromagnetic environment (EME) in which the system, subsystem, or equipment will be required to perform. Requirements that comply with NTIA and DOD Directives on spectrum management. Adequate verification requirements to ensure compliance with stated E^3 performance requirements. The statement of work that addresses the following for E^3: Risk Management, Requirement Allocation, Design Guidance, and System Integration and Test. Look Out For: Mandatory military standards. Instead, E^3 performance based requirements should be used, and may set forth, in full, the salient aspects of the below referenced documents, properly tailored to the individual procurement. If MIL-SPEC/STDs are referenced, they should be clearly identified as provided for guidance only. References: 1. DOD Dir 5000.2-R, paragraph 4.4.7. 2. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) C63.14 3. NACSIM 5000 - TEMPEST FUNDAMENTALS 4. NSTISSP 300 - NATIONAL POLICY ON CONTROL OF COMPROMISING EMANATIONS 5. NSTISSAM TEMPEST/1-92 - COMPROMISING EMANATIONS FIELD TEST REQUIREMENTS, ELECTROMAGNETIC 6. NSTISSAM TEMPEST/9/92 - PROCEDURE FOR TEMPEST ZONING 7. NACSEM 5112 - NONSTOP Evaluation Techniques 8. N432D memo, 21 Jan 97, ILS Assessment and Certification Requirements 9. Military Standards, Specifications, and Handbooks MIL-STD-1757A MIL-STD-1377 MIL-STD-1605 MIL-HDBK-241B MIL-A-17161D MIL-STD-1795A MIL-STD-1857 MIL-STD-1818 MIL-STD-1542A MIL-HDBK-235 MIL-STD-331 MIL-STD-2169A MIL-STD-285 MIL-STD-1512* MIL-HDBK-237A MIL-HDBK-253 MIL-STD-220A MIL-HDBK-274 MIL-STD-461/462* MIL-STD-449 MIL-HDBK-335 MIL-HDBK-293 MIL-STD-1310** MIL-B-5087B MIL-STD-469A MIL-STD-1541A MIL-STD-704D MIL-HDBK-294 * DoN-wide waiver approved for two years ** To be converted to a Standard Practice *** To be replaced by MIL-STD-464 Websites: ILA Validation Checklist ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE: E3 - DEFINITIONS American National Standards Institute -ANSI C63.14 has been adopted by DoD to serve as a standard dictionary for definitions commonly used pertaining to Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3). However, the following E3 definition are listed for the convenience of the reader : 1. Electromagnetic Environment (EME). The resulting product of the power and time distribution, in various frequency ranges, of the radiated or conducted electromagnetic emissions levels which may be encountered by a military force, system, or platform in an intended operational environment. 2. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The ability of a system or equipment to operate within design tolerances in its intended environment, with adjacent systems and equipment, and with itself. 3. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Any electromagnetic disturbance which interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment. It can be induced intentionally, as in some forms of electronic warfare, or unintentionally, as a result of a spurious emissions and responses, intermodulation products, and the like. Additionally, EMI may be caused by atmospheric phenomena, such as lightning and precipitation static and non-telecommunication equipment, such as vehicles and industry machinery. 4. Electromagnetic Vulnerability (EMV). The undesired response of a system or equipment to the Electromagnetic Environment or the threshold above which a system or equipment may be undesirably influenced by other electromagnetic energy. 5. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP). An intense single-pulse transient electromagnetic wave that may be generated when a nuclear device is detonated or may be generated by non-nuclear means. This intense wave may damage semiconductor components and signal processing circuitry that is found in electronic and electrical equipment. 6. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP). Potential for Electromagnetic Radiation to produce harmful biological effects in humans. 7. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordinance (HERO). Under some circumstances, certain ordinance components are susceptible to malfunction, burnout, dudding, or ignition when subjected to high-intensity radio frequency (RF) fields. 8. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to fuel (HERF). Potential for electromagnetic radiation to cause ignition of volatile combustibles, such as aircraft fuels. 9. Lightning. High amplitude electrostatic discharges causing irregular bursts of static in electronic receivers. 10. Precipitation static. Precipitation static consists of charged precipitation particles that strike antennas and gradually charge the antenna, which ultimately discharges across the insulator, causing a burst of static. 11. Electrostatic discharge (ESD). A transfer of electrostatic charge between bodies at different electrostatic potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field. 12. Emission Control. The selected control of emitted electromagnetic or acoustic energy to minimize its detection by enemy sensors or to improve the performance of installed friendly sensors.