APPENDIX B: part 2
Literature Survey

Dielectric data were compiled from the literature for the following tissues.

INDEX

Blood
Bone -Cancellous
Bone -Cortical
Bone -Marrow
Breast Fat
Colon
Cornea
Eye Tissues
Fat
Grey Matter
Heart
Kidney
Lens Cortex
Lens Nucleus
Liver
Lung -Deflated
Lung -Inflated
Muscle
Pancreas
Skin -Dry
Skin -Wet
Spleen
Stomach
Vitreous Humour
White Matter


References Cited

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Blood

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

2.000E+8

7.216E+1

8.538E+1

9.500E-1

 

4.000E+8

7.291E+1

4.359E+1

9.700E-1

 

6.000E+8

7.123E+1

3.056E+1

1.020E+0

 

8.000E+8

7.037E+1

2.539E+1

1.130E+0

Frog (In vivo)

1.000E+9

6.965E+1

2.211E+1

1.230E+0

Schwartz & Mealing, 1985

2.000E+9

6.754E+1

1.546E+1

1.720E+0

 

4.000E+9

6.552E+1

1.636E+1

3.640E+0

 

6.000E+9

6.259E+1

1.881E+1

6.280E+0

 
         

8.000E+9

6.024E+1

2.078E+1

9.250E+0

 

1.000E+6

1.800E+3

1.366E+4

7.600E-1

 

2.500E+6

8.000E+2

5.968E+3

8.300E-1

Porcine (In vivo) @ 34-36 degC

1.000E+7

1.800E+2

1.726E+3

9.600E-1

Hahn et al, 1980

2.500E+7

8.000E+1

7.406E+2

1.030E+0

 

1.000E+8

5.600E+1

1.977E+2

1.100E+0

 

1.770E+9

5.620E+1

1.808E+1

1.780E+0

 
         

2.990E+9

5.600E+1

1.587E+1

2.640E+0

Human @ 35 degC

9.390E+9

4.780E+1

1.970E+1

1.029E+1

Cook, 1952

2.770E+10

3.020E+1

2.600E+1

4.006E+1

 
         

5.000E+4

5.800E+3

1.654E+5

4.600E-1

Human @ 21 degC, Pfutzner, 1984

5.000E+4

3.400E+3

1.510E+5

4.200E-1

Porcine @ 21 degC, Pfutzner, 1984

         

1.000E+8

8.700E+1

1.510E+2

8.400E-1

Rat (In vivo) @ 23 degC

1.000E+9

6.400E+1

2.678E+1

1.490E+0

Burdette et al, 1980

1.000E+10

4.700E+1

3.146E+1

1.750E+1

 
         

4.000E+9

5.000E+1

1.362E+1

3.030E+0

 

1.000E+10

4.500E+1

1.943E+1

1.081E+1

Human @ 37 degC

3.000E+10

2.400E+1

2.424E+1

4.045E+1

Alison & Sheppard, 1993

1.000E+11

8.000E+0

1.194E+1

6.643E+1

 
         

1.000E+3

2.900E+3

1.222E+7

6.800E-1

 

1.000E+4

2.810E+3

1.222E+6

6.800E-1

Rabbit @ Rm. Temp.

1.000E+5

2.740E+3

1.222E+5

6.800E-1

Schwan, 1956, 1963

1.000E+6

2.040E+3

1.283E+4

7.140E-1

 

1.000E+7

2.000E+2

1.997E+3

1.111E+0

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Bone Cancellous

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+4

3.000E+3

9.886E+4

5.500E-2

Bovine (femur) @ RT

1.000E+5

8.000E+2

9.886E+3

5.500E-2

De Mercato et al, 1988

1.000E+6

1.000E+2

9.886E+2

5.500E-2

 
         

1.000E+2

7.000E+5

3.000E+7

1.669E-1

 

1.000E+3

1.000E+4

3.000E+6

1.669E-1

Human (distal tibiae) @ 27 degC

1.000E+4

6.000E+2

4.314E+6

2.400E-1

Saha & Williams, 1989

1.000E+5

1.000E+2

4.314E+5

2.400E-1

 

1.000E+6

5.000E+1

4.314E+4

2.400E-1

 

1.000E+7

3.300E+1

4.314E+3

2.400E-1

 
         

1.100E+6

5.065E+2

1.425E+3

8.640E-2

 

3.300E+6

1.739E+2

5.915E+2

1.082E-1

 

1.200E+7

6.663E+1

1.945E+2

1.292E-1

 

3.600E+7

3.958E+1

7.359E+1

1.477E-1

 

1.100E+8

2.864E+1

3.114E+1

1.887E-1

Ovine (skull) @ 37 degC

4.000E+8

2.190E+1

1.182E+1

2.601E-1

Gabriel et al, 94

1.200E+9

1.932E+1

6.410E+0

4.256E-1

 

4.000E+9

1.776E+1

6.400E+0

1.420E+0

 

9.900E+9

1.264E+1

7.210E+0

3.964E+0

 

2.000E+10

9.360E+0

6.250E+0

6.957E+0

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Bone Cortical

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+3

2.154E+3

1.204E+5

6.700E-3

 

1.000E+4

8.580E+2

1.294E+4

7.200E-3

Rat (femur ) @ 37 degC

1.000E+5

2.510E+2

1.528E+3

8.500E-3

Smith & Foster, 1985

1.000E+6

6.300E+1

2.157E+2

1.200E-2

 

1.000E+7

2.500E+1

3.056E+1

1.700E-2

 
         

1.800E+9

8.400E+0

1.498E+0

1.500E-1

 

3.000E+9

8.350E+0

1.198E+0

2.000E-1

Human (tibia) @ 37 degC

4.600E+9

7.830E+0

1.290E+0

3.300E-1

Cook, 1951 & England, 1950

9.400E+9

7.600E+0

1.434E+0

7.500E-1

 

2.300E+10

6.300E+0

1.094E+0

1.400E+0

 
         

1.000E+2

3.800E+3

2.265E+6

1.260E-2

 

1.000E+3

1.000E+3

2.319E+5

1.290E-2

 

1.000E+4

6.400E+2

2.391E+4

1.330E-2

Rat (femur) @ 37 degC

1.000E+5

2.800E+2

2.588E+3

1.440E-2

Kosterich, 1983

1.000E+6

8.700E+1

3.110E+2

1.730E-2

 

1.000E+7

3.700E+1

4.260E+1

2.370E-2

 

1.000E+8

2.300E+1

1.032E+1

5.740E-2

 
         

1.000E+3

5.900E+3

2.876E+5

1.600E-2

 

1.000E+4

9.400E+2

2.876E+4

1.600E-2

Bovine (femur) @ RT

1.000E+5

1.900E+2

2.876E+3

1.600E-2

De Mercato et al, 1988

1.000E+6

9.000E+1

2.876E+2

1.600E-2

 
         

1.000E+1

4.000E+4

1.025E+7

5.700E-3

 

1.000E+2

4.000E+3

1.025E+6

5.700E-3

 

1.000E+3

8.000E+2

1.025E+5

5.700E-3

Bovine (tibia) @ 23 degC

1.000E+4

3.000E+2

1.025E+4

5.700E-3

De Mercato et al, 1992

1.000E+5

1.200E+2

1.079E+3

6.000E-3

 

1.000E+6

4.000E+1

1.240E+2

6.900E-3

 

1.000E+7

2.000E+1

1.726E+1

9.600E-3

 
         

1.000E+3

8.500E+2

3.236E+4

2.700E-2

 

1.000E+4

3.000E+2

3.236E+3

2.800E-2

Bovine (femur) @ 21 degC

1.000E+5

1.000E+2

3.415E+2

3.200E-2

Reddy & Saha, 1984

1.000E+6

3.000E+1

5.932E+1

4.200E-2

 
         

1.000E+4

3.080E+2

9.527E+3

5.300E-3

Human (distal tibiae) @27 degC

1.000E+5

1.110E+2

1.007E+3

5.600E-3

Saha & Williams, 1989

1.000E+6

4.100E+1

1.204E+2

6.700E-3

 
         

1.090E+6

2.086E+2

5.030E+2

3.050E-2

 

3.950E+6

6.520E+1

1.725E+2

3.790E-2

 

1.190E+7

3.206E+1

6.767E+1

4.480E-2

 

3.610E+7

2.207E+1

2.863E+1

5.750E-2

 

1.090E+8

1.663E+1

1.181E+1

7.160E-2

Ovine (Skull) @ 37 degC (1E6-2E10Hz)

3.950E+8

1.362E+1

4.892E+0

1.075E-1

Gabriel et al, 94

1.080E+9

1.244E+1

3.283E+0

1.973E-1

 

3.990E+9

1.096E+1

3.513E+0

7.797E-1

 

1.090E+10

7.851E+0

3.960E+0

2.402E+0

 

2.000E+10

6.687E+0

3.151E+0

3.505E+0

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Bone Marrow (Infiltrated)

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+3

4.600E+3

3.775E+6

2.100E-1

 

1.000E+4

1.400E+3

3.775E+5

2.100E-1

 

1.000E+5

2.500E+2

3.775E+4

2.100E-1

Calf (femur and tibia) @25 degC

1.000E+6

9.000E+1

3.775E+3

2.100E-1

Smith & Foster, 1985

1.000E+7

4.300E+1

3.955E+2

2.200E-1

 

1.000E+8

1.800E+1

4.494E+1

2.500E-1

 

1.000E+9

1.800E+1

6.471E+0

3.600E-1

 
         

1.090E+6

2.421E+2

1.098E+3

7.000E-2

 

3.950E+6

4.556E+1

3.244E+2

7.000E-2

 

1.190E+7

2.842E+1

1.162E+2

8.000E-2

 

3.610E+7

1.943E+1

4.358E+1

9.000E-2

 

1.090E+8

1.292E+1

1.712E+1

1.000E-1

Ovine @37 degC

3.950E+8

9.830E+0

5.780E+0

1.300E-1

Current study measurements

1.300E+8

1.147E+1

1.267E+1

9.000E-2

 

3.940E+8

9.090E+0

5.320E+0

1.200E-1

 

1.080E+9

8.490E+0

2.640E+0

1.600E-1

 

3.990E+9

7.910E+0

2.050E+0

4.500E-1

 

2.000E+10

4.530E+0

2.320E+0

2.580E+0

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Breast Fat

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

5.000E+7

2.100E+1

3.955E+1

1.100E-1

 

1.000E+8

2.050E+1

1.977E+1

1.100E-1

Human @ 23-25 degC

5.000E+8

1.800E+1

4.674E+0

1.300E-1

Joines et al,1994

9.000E+8

1.500E+1

3.595E+0

1.800E-1

 
         

3.200E+9

9.800E+0

2.078E+0

3.700E-1

Human @ 25 degC

3.200E+9

4.600E+1

1.910E+1

3.400E+0

Land & Campbell, 1992

         

1.000E+8

4.500E+1

1.798E+1

1.000E-1

Rat @ 30 degC

1.000E+9

4.200E+1

6.471E+0

3.600E-1

Joines et al, 1980

2.000E+9

4.200E+1

5.842E+0

6.500E-1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Colon

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

5.000E+7

5.700E+1

2.193E+2

6.100E-1

 

1.000E+8

5.200E+1

1.114E+2

6.200E-1

Human @ 23-25 degC

5.000E+8

4.900E+1

2.552E+1

7.100E-1

Joines et al,1994

9.000E+8

4.850E+1

1.857E+1

9.300E-1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Cornea

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+7

1.500E+2

2.696E+3

1.500E+0

 

1.000E+8

8.000E+1

2.876E+2

1.600E+0

Rabbit @ 37 degC

1.000E+9

6.000E+1

3.415E+1

1.900E+0

Gabriel et al,1983

3.000E+9

5.500E+1

1.498E+1

2.500E+0

 

8.500E+9

4.000E+1

1.269E+1

6.000E+0

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Eye Tissues (Sclera)

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+7

6.000E+2

1.618E+3

9.000E-1

 

1.000E+8

1.000E+2

2.337E+2

1.300E+0

 

1.000E+9

6.500E+1

2.696E+1

1.500E+0

Rabbit (Retina) @ 37 degC

3.000E+9

6.500E+1

1.558E+1

2.600E+0

Gabriel et al,1983

8.500E+9

6.000E+1

1.692E+1

8.000E+0

 

1.000E+10

5.000E+1

2.696E+1

1.500E+1

 
         

1.000E+7

2.800E+2

1.528E+3

8.500E-1

 

1.000E+8

8.300E+1

1.977E+2

1.100E+0

Rabbit (Iris) @ 37 degC

1.000E+9

6.000E+1

2.157E+1

1.200E+0

Gabriel et al, 1983

3.000E+9

6.000E+1

1.498E+1

2.500E+0

 

8.500E+9

5.000E+1

1.903E+1

9.000E+0

 
         

1.090E+6

 

2.502E+4

1.520E+0

 

3.950E+6

 

7.264E+3

1.600E+0

 

1.190E+7

 

2.420E+3

1.610E+0

 

3.610E+7

 

8.030E+2

1.610E+0

 

1.090E+8

 

2.675E+2

1.620E+0

 

3.950E+8

 

7.563E+1

1.660E+0

Ovine (Aqueous Humour) @ 37 degC

1.190E+9

 

2.927E+1

1.940E+0

Current study measurements

1.300E+8

7.354E+1

2.522E+2

1.820E+0

 

3.940E+8

7.489E+1

8.404E+1

1.840E+0

 

1.080E+9

7.410E+1

3.395E+1

2.040E+0

 

3.990E+9

7.213E+1

2.058E+1

4.570E+0

 

1.090E+10

6.172E+1

2.993E+1

1.820E+1

 

2.000E+10

4.519E+1

3.952E+1

4.398E+1

 
         

1.090E+6

2.301E+3

1.008E+4

6.100E-1

 

3.950E+6

5.882E+2

3.201E+3

7.000E-1

 

1.190E+7

2.193E+2

1.172E+3

7.800E-1

 

3.610E+7

1.020E+2

4.243E+2

8.500E-1

 

1.090E+8

6.682E+1

1.523E+2

9.200E-1

 

3.950E+8

5.554E+1

4.659E+1

1.030E+0

Ovine (Choroid) @ 37 degC

1.190E+9

5.153E+1

1.998E+1

1.330E+0

Current study measurements

3.940E+8

6.360E+1

5.305E+1

1.160E+0

 

1.080E+9

6.014E+1

2.353E+1

1.410E+0

 

3.990E+9

5.669E+1

1.711E+1

3.800E+0

 

1.090E+10

4.477E+1

2.481E+1

1.509E+1

 

2.000E+10

3.200E+1

2.770E+1

3.082E+1

 
         

1.090E+6

2.170E+3

9.929E+3

6.000E-1

 

3.950E+6

5.495E+2

3.123E+3

6.900E-1

 

1.190E+7

2.090E+2

1.137E+3

7.600E-1

 

3.610E+7

1.006E+2

4.102E+2

8.200E-1

 

1.090E+8

6.754E+1

1.473E+2

8.900E-1

 

3.950E+8

5.641E+1

4.533E+1

1.000E+0

Ovine (Iris) @ 37 degC

1.190E+9

5.214E+1

1.954E+1

1.300E+0

Current study measurements

1.300E+8

7.226E+1

1.307E+2

9.500E-1

 

3.940E+8

6.238E+1

4.769E+1

1.040E+0

 

1.080E+9

5.865E+1

2.182E+1

1.310E+0

 

3.990E+9

5.461E+1

1.672E+1

3.710E+0

 

1.090E+10

4.205E+1

2.411E+1

1.466E+1

 

2.000E+10

2.985E+1

2.649E+1

2.947E+1

 
         

1.090E+6

2.610E+3

7.140E+3

4.300E-1

 

3.950E+6

1.019E+3

2.615E+3

5.800E-1

 

1.190E+7

4.143E+2

1.133E+3

7.500E-1

 

3.610E+7

1.600E+2

4.640E+2

9.300E-1

 

1.090E+8

8.149E+1

1.756E+2

1.060E+0

 

3.950E+8

6.135E+1

5.369E+1

1.180E+0

 

1.190E+9

5.662E+1

2.197E+1

1.460E+0

Ovine (Eye Retina) @ 37 degC

1.300E+8

8.653E+1

1.861E+2

1.350E+0

Current study measurements

3.940E+8

7.037E+1

6.536E+1

1.430E+0

 

1.080E+9

6.671E+1

2.773E+1

1.660E+0

 

3.990E+9

6.365E+1

1.813E+1

4.030E+0

 

1.090E+10

5.274E+1

2.667E+1

1.622E+1

 

2.000E+10

3.860E+1

3.303E+1

3.675E+1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Fat (Average Infiltrated)

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+2

2.154E+5

6.866E+6

3.820E-2

 

1.000E+3

1.468E+4

7.172E+5

3.990E-2

 

1.000E+4

1.334E+3

7.334E+4

4.080E-2

Bovine @ 25 degC

1.000E+5

2.150E+2

7.603E+3

4.230E-2

Rigaud et al, 1994

1.000E+6

3.800E+1

7.747E+2

4.310E-2

 

1.000E+7

2.200E+1

8.071E+1

4.490E-2

 
         

1.000E+6

3.000E+2

3.056E+3

1.700E-1

 

2.500E+6

1.000E+2

1.438E+3

2.000E-1

Porcine @ 34-36 degC

1.000E+7

4.000E+1

3.775E+2

2.100E-1

Hahn et al, 1980

2.500E+7

2.000E+1

1.438E+2

2.000E-1

 

1.000E+8

1.400E+1

3.775E+1

2.100E-1

 
         

1.000E+3

1.585E+3

6.291E+5

3.500E-2

 

1.000E+4

5.840E+2

6.291E+4

3.500E-2

Equine & Canine @ 25 degC

1.000E+5

7.400E+1

6.291E+3

3.500E-2

Smith & Foster,1985

1.000E+6

1.800E+1

6.291E+2

3.500E-2

 

1.000E+7

1.000E+1

6.291E+1

3.500E-2

 
         

4.000E+10

1.100E+1

3.595E+0

8.000E+0

Bovine @ 37 degC

9.000E+10

1.000E+1

1.997E+0

1.330E+1

Edrich & Hardee,1976

         

4.000E+7

1.400E+1

2.247E+1

5.000E-2

 

1.000E+8

7.000E+0

3.595E+0

2.000E-2

 

1.000E+9

6.000E+0

1.079E+0

6.000E-2

 

1.000E+10

4.000E+0

4.674E-1

2.600E-1

Human

4.000E+7

1.400E+1

2.247E+1

5.000E-2

Schwan, 1955

1.000E+8

7.000E+0

1.258E+1

7.000E-2

 

1.000E+9

6.000E+0

2.696E+0

1.500E-1

 

1.000E+10

4.000E+0

8.448E-1

4.700E-1

 
         

1.000E+8

4.700E+1

3.775E+1

2.100E-1

Canine (In vivo) @ 37 degC

1.000E+9

1.400E+1

3.775E+0

2.100E-1

Burdette et al, 1980

2.000E+9

1.300E+1

5.662E+0

6.300E-1

 
         

1.000E+2

6.373E+4

2.696E+5

1.500E-3

 

1.000E+3

5.484E+3

3.146E+4

1.750E-3

Porcine (peritoneal

1.000E+4

4.499E+2

4.116E+3

2.290E-3

cavity) @ 22 degC

1.000E+5

9.047E+1

4.638E+2

2.580E-3

Kyber et al, 1992

1.000E+6

2.861E+1

5.878E+1

3.270E-3

 
         

1.000E+3

5.000E+4

3.595E+5

2.000E-2

Canine (In situ)

1.000E+3

5.000E+4

1.204E+6

6.700E-2

Schwan 1956, 57, 63

3.200E+9

2.800E+0

2.809E-1

5.000E-2

Human (breast) @ 25 degC

3.200E+9

7.600E+0

1.629E+0

2.900E-1

Land & Campbell, 1992

         

1.090E+6

2.657E+2

1.016E+3

6.000E-2

 

3.950E+6

6.317E+1

3.028E+2

7.000E-2

 

1.190E+7

3.016E+1

1.129E+2

8.000E-2

 

3.610E+7

1.940E+1

4.246E+1

9.000E-2

 

1.090E+8

1.387E+1

1.650E+1

1.000E-1

 

3.950E+8

1.141E+1

5.670E+0

1.200E-1

Ovine @ 37 degC

1.190E+9

1.069E+1

3.040E+0

2.000E-1

Current study measurements

1.300E+8

1.231E+1

1.317E+1

1.000E-1

 

3.940E+8

1.058E+1

6.100E+0

1.300E-1

 

1.080E+9

9.710E+0

3.110E+0

1.900E-1

 

3.990E+9

8.840E+0

2.520E+0

5.600E-1

 

1.090E+10

6.650E+0

3.300E+0

2.000E+0

 

2.000E+10

5.070E+0

2.830E+0

3.150E+0

 
         

3.000E+5

1.419E+2

1.251E+3

2.088E-2

 

1.089E+6

6.930E+1

4.285E+2

2.597E-2

 

3.955E+6

2.267E+1

1.322E+2

2.908E-2

 

1.089E+7

1.255E+1

5.105E+1

3.094E-2

 

3.955E+7

8.246E+0

1.571E+1

3.456E-2

 

1.089E+8

7.018E+0

6.370E+0

3.860E-2

 

3.955E+8

6.306E+0

2.201E+0

4.844E-2

Human @ 37 degC

1.089E+9

5.964E+0

1.413E+0

8.562E-2

Current study measurements

3.000E+9

4.964E+0

1.568E+0

2.616E-1

 

1.300E+8

8.014E+0

5.135E+0

3.713E-2

 

3.936E+8

6.553E+0

2.414E+0

5.286E-2

 

1.025E+9

6.237E+0

1.399E+0

7.977E-2

 

3.992E+9

5.905E+0

1.182E+0

2.624E-1

 

1.039E+10

4.853E+0

1.754E+0

1.014E+0

 

2.000E+10

3.825E+0

1.483E+0

1.650E+0

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Grey Matter

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

3.000E+9

4.740E+1

1.438E+1

2.400E+0

 

4.000E+9

4.740E+1

1.348E+1

3.000E+0

 

8.000E+9

4.200E+1

1.618E+1

7.200E+0

Rabbit @ 37 degC

1.000E+10

4.000E+1

1.690E+1

9.400E+0

Steel & Sheppard, 1985

1.400E+10

3.640E+1

1.849E+1

1.440E+1

 

1.800E+10

3.240E+1

2.037E+1

2.040E+1

 
         

1.000E+5

3.800E+3

3.056E+4

1.700E-1

 

1.000E+6

1.250E+3

3.775E+3

2.100E-1

 

1.000E+7

3.520E+2

6.291E+2

3.500E-1

Canine @ 37 degC

2.500E+7

2.220E+2

3.307E+2

4.600E-1

Stoy et al, 1982

5.000E+7

1.400E+2

2.085E+2

5.800E-1

 

1.000E+8

9.000E+1

1.240E+2

6.900E-1

 
         

1.000E+7

2.367E+2

5.680E+2

3.160E-1

 

1.000E+8

8.570E+1

1.109E+2

6.170E-1

Mouse @ 37 degC

1.000E+9

4.490E+1

1.666E+1

9.270E-1

Thurai et al, 1984

1.400E+9

4.080E+1

3.016E+1

2.349E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

8.540E+1

1.348E+2

7.500E-1

 

9.000E+8

5.260E+1

2.097E+1

1.050E+0

Rat (In vivo) 32 degC ±1 degC

4.000E+9

4.850E+1

1.878E+1

4.180E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

8.000E+9

4.350E+1

2.427E+1

1.080E+1

 
         

1.000E+8

7.300E+1

1.618E+2

9.000E-1

 

9.000E+8

5.500E+1

2.457E+1

1.230E+0

Feline (In vivo) @ 36 degC

4.000E+9

5.000E+1

1.393E+1

3.100E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

8.000E+9

4.400E+1

1.505E+1

6.700E+0

 
         

2.000E+8

6.600E+1

3.865E+1

4.300E-1

Canine (In situ) @ 36 degC

1.000E+9

5.700E+1

2.337E+1

1.300E+0

Burdette et al, 1986

4.000E+9

4.800E+1

1.308E+1

2.910E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

7.753E+1

1.114E+2

6.200E-1

Canine @ 20 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+9

5.879E+1

1.959E+1

1.090E+0

Xu et al, 1987

1.100E+10

3.001E+1

2.472E+1

1.513E+1

 
         

1.000E+5

2.800E+3

3.056E+4

1.700E-1

 

1.000E+6

9.000E+2

3.415E+3

1.900E-1

Bovine @ 24-25 degC

1.000E+7

2.700E+2

5.393E+2

3.000E-1

Suroweic et al, 1986

1.000E+8

8.300E+1

1.025E+2

5.700E-1

 
         

1.000E+7

2.990E+2

9.707E+2

5.400E-1

Feline (In vivo) @ 33 degC

1.000E+8

8.100E+1

1.402E+2

7.800E-1

Stuchly et al, 1981

1.000E+9

5.300E+1

2.049E+1

1.140E+0

 
         

1.000E+7

3.700E+2

6.795E+2

3.780E-1

 

1.000E+8

9.000E+1

1.249E+2

6.950E-1

Canine @ 37 degC

1.000E+9

4.600E+1

1.799E+1

1.001E+0

Foster et al, 1979

1.000E+10

3.900E+1

1.700E+1

9.457E+0

(in Stuchly & Stuchly, 1980)

         

1.090E+6

2.028E+3

2.832E+3

1.700E-1

 

3.950E+6

8.069E+2

1.259E+3

2.800E-1

 

1.190E+7

3.682E+2

6.262E+2

4.200E-1

 

3.610E+7

1.706E+2

2.979E+2

6.000E-1

 

1.090E+8

8.654E+1

1.287E+2

7.800E-1

 

3.950E+8

5.783E+1

4.349E+1

9.600E-1

Ovine @ 37 degC

1.190E+9

5.228E+1

1.845E+1

1.230E+0

Current study measurements

1.300E+8

8.185E+1

1.164E+2

8.400E-1

 

3.940E+8

5.872E+1

4.543E+1

9.900E-1

 

1.080E+9

5.296E+1

2.070E+1

1.240E+0

 

3.990E+9

4.922E+1

1.440E+1

3.200E+0

 

1.090E+10

4.034E+1

2.097E+1

1.275E+1

 

2.000E+10

2.961E+1

2.517E+1

2.800E+1

 
         

3.000E+5

1.923E+3

5.830E+3

9.720E-2

 

1.089E+6

1.307E+3

2.377E+3

1.443E-1

 

3.955E+6

6.510E+2

1.009E+3

2.220E-1

 

1.089E+7

3.587E+2

5.423E+2

3.287E-1

 

3.955E+7

1.513E+2

2.370E+2

5.213E-1

 

1.089E+8

8.317E+1

1.120E+2

6.793E-1

 

3.955E+8

5.707E+1

3.797E+1

8.360E-1

Human @ 37 degC

1.089E+9

5.123E+1

1.740E+1

1.057E+0

Current study measurements

3.000E+9

4.697E+1

1.074E+1

1.797E+0

 

1.300E+8

7.697E+1

1.008E+2

7.300E-1

 

3.936E+8

5.550E+1

4.017E+1

8.797E-1

 

1.025E+9

5.050E+1

1.930E+1

1.100E+0

 

3.992E+9

4.617E+1

1.327E+1

2.943E+0

 

1.039E+10

3.760E+1

1.880E+1

1.087E+1

 

2.000E+10

2.663E+1

2.080E+1

2.317E+1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Heart

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

2.000E+8

7.313E+1

7.909E+1

8.800E-1

 

4.000E+8

7.227E+1

4.134E+1

9.200E-1

 

6.000E+8

7.031E+1

2.966E+1

9.900E-1

 

8.000E+8

6.881E+1

2.494E+1

1.110E+0

Bullfrog (In vivo-muscle)

1.000E+9

6.848E+1

2.229E+1

1.240E+0

@ 22 degC

2.000E+9

6.565E+1

1.591E+1

1.770E+0

Schwartz & Mealing, 1985

4.000E+9

6.259E+1

1.829E+1

4.070E+0

 

6.000E+9

5.934E+1

2.250E+1

7.510E+0

 

8.000E+9

5.544E+1

2.582E+1

1.149E+1

 
         

1.000E+6

1.500E+3

8.628E+3

4.800E-1

 

2.500E+6

6.000E+2

3.811E+3

5.300E-1

Porcine (In vivo) @ 34-36 degC

1.000E+7

1.400E+2

1.132E+3

6.300E-1

Hahn et al,1980

2.500E+7

7.000E+1

5.464E+2

7.600E-1

 

1.000E+8

3.900E+1

1.510E+2

8.400E-1

 
         

1.000E+8

6.125E+1

8.269E+1

4.600E-1

Canine @ 20 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+9

5.300E+1

2.121E+1

1.180E+0

Xu et al, 1987

1.100E+10

2.875E+1

2.118E+1

1.296E+1

 
         

1.000E+4

4.080E+4

8.269E+5

4.600E-1

 

1.000E+5

5.500E+3

8.628E+4

4.800E-1

Human (muscle) @ 36.8 degC

1.000E+6

1.245E+3

9.527E+3

5.300E-1

Suroweic et al,1987

1.000E+7

3.120E+2

1.240E+3

6.900E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.190E+1

1.600E+2

8.900E-1

 
         

1.000E+1

7.000E+6

1.869E+8

1.040E-1

Canine (In situ-muscle) @ 37 degC

1.000E+2

8.100E+5

1.941E+7

1.080E-1

Schwan 1956, 57, 63

1.000E+3

3.100E+5

2.247E+6

1.250E-1

(in Durney et al, 1986)

1.000E+4

1.000E+5

3.002E+5

1.670E-1

 
         

3.000E+5

3.337E+3

3.173E+4

5.297E-1

 

1.089E+6

1.763E+3

1.100E+4

6.660E-1

 

3.955E+6

5.137E+2

3.420E+3

7.520E-1

 

1.089E+7

2.343E+2

1.353E+3

8.183E-1

 

3.955E+7

1.167E+2

4.150E+2

9.133E-1

 

1.089E+8

8.017E+1

1.667E+2

1.010E+0

 

3.955E+8

6.337E+1

5.403E+1

1.190E+0

 

1.089E+9

5.677E+1

2.663E+1

1.617E+0

Human @ 37 degC

3.000E+9

4.853E+1

2.090E+1

3.483E+0

Current study measurements

1.300E+8

7.720E+1

1.490E+2

1.083E+0

 

3.936E+8

6.755E+1

5.588E+1

1.223E+0

 

1.025E+9

6.255E+1

2.785E+1

1.588E+0

 

3.992E+9

5.478E+1

2.003E+1

4.445E+0

 

1.039E+10

4.135E+1

2.565E+1

1.483E+1

 

2.000E+10

2.725E+1

2.545E+1

2.833E+1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Kidney

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

5.000E+7

1.190E+2

2.481E+2

6.900E-1

Porcine & Bovine @ 37 degC

5.000E+7

1.320E+2

3.990E+2

1.110E+0

Osswald, 1937 (in Stoy et al, 1982)

         

1.000E+5

1.170E+4

4.494E+4

2.500E-1

 

1.000E+6

2.540E+3

6.831E+3

3.800E-1

 

1.000E+7

4.650E+2

1.186E+3

6.600E-1

Canine @ 37 degC

2.500E+7

2.760E+2

5.752E+2

8.000E-1

Stoy et al,1982

5.000E+7

1.320E+2

3.307E+2

9.200E-1

 

1.000E+8

9.200E+1

1.780E+2

9.900E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

2.988E+4

1.258E+5

7.000E-2

 

1.000E+5

7.973E+3

1.977E+4

1.100E-1

Bovine @ 25 degC

1.000E+6

1.573E+3

3.415E+3

1.900E-1

Surowiec et al, 1985

1.000E+7

2.880E+2

6.651E+2

3.700E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.400E+1

1.204E+2

6.700E-1

 
         

1.000E+6

1.300E+3

6.471E+3

3.600E-1

 

1.000E+7

1.900E+2

8.808E+2

4.900E-1

Porcine (In vivo) @ 34-36 degC

2.500E+7

9.000E+1

4.494E+2

5.500E-1

Hahn et al, 1980

1.000E+8

3.500E+1

1.258E+2

7.000E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

3.000E+4

2.337E+5

1.300E-1

 

1.000E+5

9.600E+3

3.775E+4

2.100E-1

Feline (In vivo) @ 34.7 degC ±0.9 degC

1.000E+6

2.000E+3

6.112E+3

3.400E-1

Suroweic et al, 1986

1.000E+7

3.500E+2

1.025E+3

5.700E-1

 

1.000E+8

6.000E+1

1.474E+2

8.200E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

8.140E+4

4.314E+5

2.400E-1

 

1.000E+5

1.120E+4

5.932E+4

3.300E-1

Human @ 36.5 degC

1.000E+6

2.450E+3

8.808E+3

4.900E-1

Suroweic et al, 1987

1.000E+7

4.690E+2

1.384E+3

7.700E-1

 

1.000E+8

8.350E+1

2.103E+2

1.170E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

7.250E+1

1.438E+2

8.000E-1

 

9.000E+8

5.260E+1

2.057E+1

1.030E+0

Rat (In vivo) @ 32 degC ±1 degC

5.000E+9

4.800E+1

1.499E+1

4.170E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

1.000E+10

3.970E+1

1.751E+1

9.740E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

8.500E+1

1.348E+2

7.500E-1

 

9.000E+8

4.300E+1

1.658E+1

8.300E-1

Feline (In vivo) @ 36 degC ±2 degC

4.000E+9

3.950E+1

1.034E+1

2.300E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

8.000E+9

4.100E+1

1.382E+1

6.150E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

6.830E+1

9.707E+1

5.400E-1

Canine @ 20 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+9

5.577E+1

1.708E+1

9.500E-1

Xu et al, 1987

1.100E+10

3.071E+1

2.508E+1

1.535E+1

 
         

5.000E+7

9.700E+1

2.732E+2

7.600E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.200E+1

1.384E+2

7.700E-1

Human @ 23-25 degC

5.000E+8

6.180E+1

3.451E+1

9.600E-1

Joines et al, 1994

9.000E+8

6.100E+1

2.397E+1

1.200E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

7.800E+1

1.833E+2

1.020E+0

Canine (In vivo)

1.000E+9

5.300E+1

2.445E+1

1.360E+0

Burdette et al, 1980

4.000E+9

4.700E+1

1.806E+1

4.020E+0

 
         

1.000E+7

2.010E+2

1.007E+3

5.600E-1

Feline (In vivo) @ 35 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+8

5.600E+1

1.222E+2

6.800E-1

Stuchly et al, 1981

1.000E+9

4.100E+1

1.708E+1

9.500E-1

 
         

1.089E+6

2.718E+3

6.226E+3

3.773E-1

 

3.955E+6

7.048E+2

2.191E+3

4.821E-1

 

1.089E+7

3.045E+2

9.540E+2

5.781E-1

 

3.955E+7

1.254E+2

3.241E+2

7.130E-1

 

1.089E+8

7.932E+1

1.345E+2

8.148E-1

 

3.955E+8

6.118E+1

4.382E+1

9.641E-1

 

1.089E+9

5.615E+1

2.143E+1

1.298E+0

Human @ 37 degC

3.000E+9

4.907E+1

1.716E+1

2.864E+0

Current study measurements

1.300E+8

7.751E+1

1.172E+2

8.476E-1

 

3.936E+8

6.458E+1

4.480E+1

9.810E-1

 

1.025E+9

6.002E+1

2.229E+1

1.271E+0

 

3.992E+9

5.364E+1

1.789E+1

3.973E+0

 

1.039E+10

4.018E+1

2.379E+1

1.375E+1

 

2.000E+10

2.813E+1

2.355E+1

2.620E+1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Lens Cortex

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+7

2.050E+2

9.886E+2

5.500E-1

 

1.000E+8

6.700E+1

1.168E+2

6.500E-1

Rabbit @ 37 degC

1.000E+9

5.000E+1

1.798E+1

1.000E+0

Gabriel et al, 1983

3.000E+9

4.500E+1

9.587E+0

1.600E+0

 

8.500E+9

4.000E+1

7.402E+0

3.500E+0

 
         

3.000E+9

4.940E+1

1.396E+1

2.330E+0

 

4.000E+9

4.510E+1

1.348E+1

3.000E+0

 

8.000E+9

4.120E+1

1.640E+1

7.300E+0

Rabbit @ 37 degC

1.000E+10

3.820E+1

1.798E+1

1.000E+1

Steel & Sheppard,1986

1.400E+10

3.440E+1

1.977E+1

1.540E+1

 

1.800E+10

2.970E+1

2.127E+1

2.130E+1

 
         

1.000E+5

7.200E+2

1.833E-1

5.100E-1

Bovine @ 32 degC

1.000E+6

5.800E+2

9.347E+3

5.200E-1

Pauly & Schwan, 1964

1.000E+7

1.790E+2

1.096E+3

6.100E-1

(in Duck, 1990)

1.000E+8

6.600E+1

1.312E+2

7.300E-1

 
         

1.000E+8

4.600E+1

7.190E+1

4.000E-1

 

1.000E+9

3.200E+1

9.527E+0

5.300E-1

Bovine

3.000E+9

3.000E+1

8.988E+0

1.500E+0

Schwan, 1958

1.000E+10

2.800E+1

1.798E+1

1.000E+1

(in Stuchly & Stuchly, 1980)

         

1.000E+2

9.000E+5

1.079E+7

6.000E-2

 

1.000E+3

1.500E+5

1.258E+6

7.000E-2

 

1.000E+4

2.200E+4

1.618E+5

9.000E-2

Frog (whole Lens) 25 degC

1.000E+5

2.200E+3

1.798E+4

1.000E-1

Watanabe et al, 1991

1.000E+6

5.200E+2

2.337E+3

1.300E-1

 

1.000E+7

8.200E+1

3.236E+2

1.800E-1

 

1.000E+8

3.700E+1

3.955E+1

2.200E-1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Lens Nucleus

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+7

5.800E+1

1.079E+2

6.000E-2

 

1.000E+8

4.600E+1

3.236E+1

1.800E-1

Rabbit @ 37 degC

1.000E+9

3.200E+1

1.079E+1

6.000E-1

Gabriel et al,1983

3.000E+9

3.000E+1

4.793E+0

8.000E-1

 

8.500E+9

2.500E+1

6.344E+0

3.000E+0

 
         

4.000E+9

2.750E+1

8.089E+0

1.800E+0

 

8.000E+9

2.500E+1

1.079E+1

4.800E+0

Rabbit @ 37 degC

1.000E+10

2.260E+1

1.079E+1

6.000E+0

Steel & Sheppard, 1986

1.400E+10

2.000E+1

1.143E+1

8.900E+0

 

1.800E+10

1.760E+1

1.118E+1

1.120E+1

 
         

1.000E+5

1.100E+2

6.831E-2

1.900E-1

Bovine @ 32 degC

1.000E+6

8.000E+1

3.505E+3

1.950E-1

Pauly & Schwan, 1964

1.000E+7

6.000E+1

3.595E+2

2.000E-1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Liver

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

2.500E+7

1.361E+2

3.379E+2

4.700E-1

 

5.000E+7

8.893E+1

1.833E+2

5.100E-1

Porcine & Bovine @ 37 degC

1.000E+8

7.679E+1

1.007E+2

5.600E-1

Osswald, 1937

2.500E+7

1.361E+2

3.883E+2

5.400E-1

(in Stoy et al, 1982)

5.000E+7

8.893E+1

2.085E+2

5.800E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.679E+1

1.168E+2

6.500E-1

 
         

1.000E+6

1.970E+3

2.696E+3

1.500E-1

 

1.000E+7

3.380E+2

4.853E+2

2.700E-1

Canine @ 37 degC

2.500E+7

1.900E+2

3.379E+2

4.700E-1

Stoy et al, 1982

5.000E+7

1.100E+2

2.049E+2

5.700E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.700E+1

1.204E+2

6.700E-1

 
         

1.000E+5

1.370E+4

2.876E+4

1.600E-1

 

1.000E+6

1.970E+3

5.393E+3

3.000E-1

 

1.000E+7

3.000E+2

8.269E+2

4.600E-1

Rabbit @ 37 degC

2.500E+7

1.750E+2

3.955E+2

5.500E-1

Stoy et al,1982

5.000E+7

1.100E+2

2.265E+2

6.300E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.900E+1

1.258E+2

7.000E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

1.829E+4

1.977E+5

1.100E-1

 

1.000E+5

5.677E+3

2.337E+4

1.300E-1

Bovine @ 25 degC

1.000E+6

1.078E+3

3.775E+3

2.100E-1

Surowiec et al, 1985

1.000E+7

1.830E+2

5.752E+2

3.200E-1

 

1.000E+8

5.300E+1

7.909E+1

4.400E-1

 
         

1.000E+2

1.995E+5

1.887E+7

1.050E-1

 

1.000E+3

3.350E+4

1.941E+6

1.080E-1

 

1.000E+4

1.778E+4

1.995E+5

1.110E-1

Calf @ 25 degC

1.000E+5

7.079E+3

2.588E+4

1.440E-1

Rigaud et al, 1994

1.000E+6

1.496E+3

4.134E+3

2.300E-1

 

1.000E+7

2.990E+2

9.707E+2

5.400E-1

 
         

1.000E+6

1.300E+3

5.393E+3

3.000E-1

 

1.000E+7

1.500E+2

7.729E+2

4.300E-1

Porcine (In vivo) @ 34-36 degC

2.200E+7

8.000E+1

3.922E+2

4.800E-1

Hahn et al, 1980

1.000E+8

3.800E+1

1.043E+2

5.800E-1

 
         

1.000E+3

1.200E+5

6.291E+5

3.500E-2

 

1.000E+4

5.800E+4

8.988E+4

5.000E-2

 

1.000E+5

1.400E+4

2.337E+4

1.300E-1

Rabbit @ 25 degC

1.000E+6

1.600E+3

4.314E+3

2.400E-1

Smith & Foster, 1985

1.000E+7

2.150E+2

7.010E+2

3.900E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.400E+1

9.347E+1

5.200E-1

 

1.000E+9

5.400E+1

1.528E+1

8.500E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

2.400E+4

1.258E+5

7.000E-2

 

1.000E+5

1.000E+4

1.977E+4

1.100E-1

Feline (In vivo) @ 34.8 degC ±0.8 degC

1.000E+6

2.300E+3

4.674E+3

2.600E-1

Surowiec et al,1986

1.000E+7

3.500E+2

8.628E+2

4.800E-1

 

5.000E+7

8.000E+1

2.624E+2

7.300E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

2.101E+4

2.157E+5

1.200E-1

 

1.000E+5

6.940E+3

2.517E+4

1.400E-1

Human @ 36.8 degC ±0.2 degC

1.000E+6

1.940E+3

4.134E+3

2.300E-1

Surowiec et al, 1987

1.000E+7

4.090E+2

7.370E+2

4.100E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.390E+1

1.258E+2

7.000E-1

 
         

1.000E+8

7.130E+1

1.150E+2

6.400E-1

 

9.000E+8

4.820E+1

1.857E+1

9.300E-1

Rat (In vivo) @ 32 degC ±1 degC

5.000E+9

4.350E+1

1.366E+1

3.800E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

1.000E+10

3.540E+1

1.591E+1

8.850E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

8.200E+1

1.132E+2

6.300E-1

 

9.000E+8

5.100E+1

1.997E+1

1.000E+0

Feline (In vivo) @ 36 degC

4.000E+9

4.550E+1

1.213E+1

2.700E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

8.000E+9

4.100E+1

1.281E+1

5.700E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

5.683E+1

5.752E+1

3.200E-1

Canine @ 20 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+9

5.462E+1

1.546E+1

8.600E-1

Xu et al, 1987

1.100E+10

3.213E+1

2.450E+1

1.499E+1

 
         

5.000E+7

6.900E+1

1.726E+2

4.800E-1

 

1.000E+8

6.200E+1

8.808E+1

4.900E-1

Human @ 23-25 degC

5.000E+8

5.200E+1

2.517E+1

7.000E-1

Joines et al, 1994

9.000E+8

5.110E+1

1.897E+1

9.500E-1

 
         

1.000E+3

1.100E+5

1.079E+6

6.000E-2

 

1.000E+4

6.200E+4

1.258E+5

7.000E-2

Rabbit @ 25 degC

1.000E+5

1.500E+4

2.876E+4

1.600E-1

Smith et al, 1986

1.000E+6

1.500E+3

5.393E+3

3.000E-1

 
         

1.000E+7

2.620E+2

7.729E+2

4.300E-1

Feline (In vivo) @ 35 degC ±5 degC

1.000E+8

6.500E+1

1.061E+2

5.900E-1

Stuchly et al, 1981

1.000E+9

4.800E+1

1.708E+1

9.500E-1

 
         

1.000E+1

1.600E+7

1.474E+8

8.200E-2

 

1.000E+2

8.750E+5

1.690E+7

9.400E-2

 

1.000E+3

1.500E+4

1.851E+6

1.030E-1

Canine (In situ) @ BT

1.000E+4

5.500E+4

2.121E+5

1.180E-1

Schwan 1956, 57, 63

1.000E+1

1.600E+7

2.139E+8

1.190E-1

 

1.000E+2

8.750E+5

2.247E+7

1.250E-1

 

1.000E+3

1.500E+4

2.337E+6

1.300E-1

 

1.000E+4

5.600E+4

2.624E+5

1.460E-1

 
         

1.000E+1

5.000E+7

2.157E+8

1.200E-1

 

1.000E+2

8.500E+5

2.337E+7

1.300E-1

Canine (In situ)

1.000E+3

1.300E+5

2.337E+6

1.300E-1

Schwan & Kay, 1957

1.000E+4

5.500E+4

2.696E+5

1.500E-1

 
         

3.000E+9

4.200E+1

1.198E+1

2.000E+0

Bovine @ 37 degC, Brady et al, 1981

         

3.000E+5

1.993E+3

1.512E+4

2.524E-1

 

1.089E+6

1.174E+3

5.378E+3

3.259E-1

 

3.955E+6

3.859E+2

1.788E+3

3.934E-1

 

1.089E+7

1.585E+2

7.360E+2

4.460E-1

 

3.955E+7

7.118E+1

2.278E+2

5.011E-1

 

1.089E+8

5.097E+1

8.995E+1

5.451E-1

 

3.955E+8

4.309E+1

2.887E+1

6.351E-1

Human @ 37 degC

1.089E+9

3.967E+1

1.507E+1

9.134E-1

Current study measurements

3.000E+9

3.346E+1

1.316E+1

2.197E+0

 

1.300E+8

5.396E+1

8.547E+1

6.182E-1

 

3.936E+8

4.711E+1

3.217E+1

7.044E-1

 

1.025E+9

4.432E+1

1.644E+1

9.373E-1

 

3.992E+9

3.931E+1

1.290E+1

2.865E+0

 

1.039E+10

3.002E+1

1.684E+1

9.735E+0

 

2.000E+10

2.123E+1

1.669E+1

1.857E+1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Lung Deflated

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+6

5.000E+2

2.696E+3

1.500E-1

 

1.000E+7

1.200E+2

4.494E+2

2.500E-1

Porcine (In vivo) @ 34-36 degC

2.500E+7

6.000E+1

2.229E+2

3.100E-1

Hahn et al, 1980

1.000E+8

2.200E+1

6.471E+1

3.600E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

5.000E+4

2.517E+5

1.400E-1

 

1.000E+5

1.000E+4

3.955E+4

2.200E-1

Feline (In vivo) @ 34 degC

1.000E+6

1.500E+3

5.752E+3

3.200E-1

Suroweic et al, 1987

1.000E+7

2.500E+2

8.628E+2

4.800E-1

 

1.000E+8

5.000E+1

1.150E+2

6.400E-1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Lung Inflated

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+6

2.000E+2

1.258E+3

7.000E-2

Porcine (In vivo-inflated)

1.000E+7

5.000E+1

1.977E+2

1.100E-1

@ 34-36 degC

2.500E+7

3.000E+1

9.347E+1

1.300E-1

Hahn et al, 1980

1.000E+8

1.200E+1

2.696E+1

1.500E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

5.000E+4

2.517E+5

1.400E-1

 

1.000E+5

1.000E+4

3.955E+4

2.200E-1

Feline (In vivo-deflated)

1.000E+6

1.500E+3

5.752E+3

3.200E-1

@ 34 degC

1.000E+7

2.500E+2

8.628E+2

4.800E-1

Suroweic et al, 1987

1.000E+8

5.000E+1

1.150E+2

6.400E-1

 
         

1.000E+1

2.500E+7

1.600E+8

8.900E-2

 

1.000E+2

4.500E+5

1.654E+7

9.200E-2

Canine (In situ-inflated)

1.000E+3

8.500E+4

1.726E+6

9.600E-2

Schwan & Kay, 1957

1.000E+4

2.500E+4

1.977E+5

1.100E-1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Muscle

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+1

1.600E+7

5.123E+8

2.850E-1

 

1.000E+2

1.200E+7

5.752E+7

3.200E-1

Rat Parallel (In vivo) @ 37 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+3

2.800E+6

9.077E+6

5.050E-1

Gielen et al, 1984

1.000E+4

6.400E+4

1.474E+6

8.200E-1

 

1.000E+5

2.045E+4

1.977E+5

1.100E+0

 
         

1.000E+2

1.200E+6

9.886E+7

5.500E-1

 

1.000E+3

2.700E+5

9.886E+6

5.500E-1

Canine Parallel @ 36-38 degC

1.000E+4

8.000E+4

1.043E+6

5.800E-1

Epstein & Foster, 1983

1.000E+5

1.100E+4

1.222E+5

6.800E-1

 

1.000E+6

8.000E+2

1.438E+4

8.000E-1

 
         

1.000E+1

5.800E+7

8.089E+7

4.500E-2

 

1.000E+2

7.100E+6

2.337E+7

1.300E-1

Bovine Parallel @ 20 degC

1.000E+3

2.900E+5

2.696E+6

1.500E-1

Bodakian & Hart, 1994

1.000E+4

6.300E+4

3.236E+5

1.800E-1

 

1.000E+5

9.300E+3

4.674E+4

2.600E-1

 
         

1.000E+1

1.000E+7

1.869E+8

1.040E-1

 

1.000E+2

8.000E+5

2.049E+7

1.140E-1

Canine (In situ)

1.000E+3

1.300E+5

2.211E+6

1.230E-1

Schwan 1956, 57, 63

1.000E+4

5.500E+4

2.373E+5

1.320E-1

 
         

1.000E+1

6.400E+6

3.325E+8

1.850E-1

 

1.000E+2

4.500E+6

3.775E+7

2.100E-1

Rat Transverse (In vivo)

1.000E+3

4.300E+5

4.314E+6

2.400E-1

@ 37 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+4

9.500E+4

5.393E+5

3.000E-1

Gielen et al,1984

1.000E+5

4.200E+4

1.079E+5

6.000E-1

 
         

1.000E+2

3.700E+5

1.438E+7

8.000E-2

 

1.000E+3

1.300E+5

1.438E+6

8.000E-2

Canine Transverse @ 36-38 degC

1.000E+4

7.500E+4

2.157E+5

1.200E-1

Epstein & Foster,1983

1.000E+5

3.100E+4

5.752E+4

3.200E-1

 

1.000E+6

3.500E+3

1.043E+4

5.800E-1

 
         

1.000E+1

3.500E+7

6.291E+7

3.500E-2

 

1.000E+2

2.700E+6

1.258E+7

7.000E-2

Bovine Transverse @ 20 degC

1.000E+3

1.400E+5

1.438E+6

8.000E-2

Bodakian & Hart,1994

1.000E+4

4.300E+4

1.708E+5

9.500E-2

 

1.000E+5

1.700E+4

2.517E+4

1.400E-1

 
         

2.000E+8

6.958E+1

8.269E+1

9.200E-1

 

4.000E+8

6.851E+1

4.359E+1

9.700E-1

 

6.000E+8

6.807E+1

3.146E+1

1.050E+0

 

8.000E+8

6.442E+1

2.629E+1

1.170E+0

Frog (In vivo) @ 22 degC

1.000E+9

6.365E+1

2.319E+1

1.290E+0

Schwartz & Mealing, 1985

2.000E+9

5.693E+1

1.564E+1

1.740E+0

 

4.000E+9

5.396E+1

1.685E+1

3.750E+0

 

6.000E+9

5.076E+1

2.061E+1

6.880E+0

 

8.000E+9

4.721E+1

2.328E+1

1.036E+1

 
         

1.000E+5

1.520E+4

7.370E+4

4.100E-1

 

1.000E+6

2.080E+3

1.079E+4

6.000E-1

 

1.000E+7

1.680E+2

1.294E+3

7.200E-1

Canine @ 37 degC

2.500E+7

1.010E+2

5.393E+2

7.500E-1

Stoy et al,1982

5.000E+7

7.600E+1

2.768E+2

7.700E-1

 

1.000E+8

6.700E+1

1.402E+2

7.800E-1

 
         

1.000E+5

2.605E+4

1.043E+5

5.800E-1

 

1.000E+6

2.495E+3

1.510E+4

8.400E-1

 

1.000E+7

1.960E+2

1.690E+3

9.400E-1

Rat @ 37 degC

2.500E+7

1.300E+2

6.974E+2

9.700E-1

Stoy et al, 1982

5.000E+7

1.010E+2

3.559E+2

9.900E-1

 

1.000E+8

9.000E+1

1.887E+2

1.050E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

7.260E+1

1.744E+2

9.700E-1

 

9.000E+8

5.690E+1

2.536E+1

1.270E+0

Rat (In vivo) @ 31 degC ±1 degC

5.000E+9

5.100E+1

1.826E+1

5.080E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

1.000E+10

4.380E+1

2.062E+1

1.147E+1

 
         

1.000E+8

6.800E+1

1.618E+2

9.000E-1

 

9.000E+8

5.850E+1

2.397E+1

1.200E+0

Feline (In vivo) @ 33 degC ±1 degC

4.000E+9

5.000E+1

1.573E+1

3.500E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

8.000E+9

4.050E+1

1.438E+1

6.400E+0

 
         

1.000E+3

1.300E+6

2.966E+6

1.650E-1

 

1.000E+4

1.200E+5

4.314E+5

2.400E-1

Frog (In vivo)

1.000E+5

1.200E+4

6.291E+4

3.500E-1

Hart & Dunfee, 1993

1.000E+6

7.000E+2

7.100E+3

3.950E-1

 
         

1.000E+8

7.200E+1

1.798E+2

1.000E+0

 

2.000E+8

6.100E+1

8.988E+1

1.000E+0

 

5.000E+8

5.700E+1

3.595E+1

1.000E+0

Canine @ 25 degC

1.000E+9

5.500E+1

1.995E+1

1.110E+0

Schwan & Foster, 1977

3.000E+9

5.000E+1

1.198E+1

2.000E+0

 

5.000E+9

4.200E+1

1.402E+1

3.900E+0

 

1.000E+10

4.000E+1

2.193E+1

1.220E+1

 
         

1.000E+6

1.900E+3

1.043E+4

5.800E-1

 

1.000E+7

9.000E+1

1.204E+3

6.700E-1

Porcine (In vivo) @ 34-36 degC

2.500E+7

5.000E+1

5.033E+2

7.000E-1

Hahn et al, 1980

1.000E+8

3.900E+1

1.384E+2

7.700E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

8.800E+4

4.494E+5

2.500E-1

 

1.000E+5

1.580E+4

7.190E+4

4.000E-1

Feline (In vivo) @ 32.1 degC ±2 degC

1.000E+6

1.900E+3

1.132E+4

6.300E-1

Suroweic et al, 1986

1.000E+7

1.300E+2

1.312E+3

7.300E-1

 

1.000E+8

6.000E+1

1.492E+2

8.300E-1

 
         

1.000E+8

7.274E+1

1.276E+2

7.100E-1

Canine @ 20 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+9

5.197E+1

2.031E+1

1.130E+0

Xu et al, 1987

1.000E+10

3.523E+1

3.188E+2

1.951E+1

 
         

4.000E+10

2.500E+1

3.370E+1

7.500E+1

Rat (In vivo) @ 37 degC

9.000E+10

2.000E+1

1.198E+1

6.000E+1

Edrich & Hardee, 1976

         

5.000E+7

7.350E+1

2.193E+2

6.100E-1

 

1.000E+8

6.300E+1

1.114E+2

6.200E-1

Human @ 23-25 degC

5.000E+8

5.240E+1

2.588E+1

7.200E-1

Joines et al,1994

9.000E+8

5.200E+1

1.837E+1

9.200E-1

 
         

4.000E+7

9.800E+1

3.550E+2

7.900E-1

 

1.000E+8

6.900E+1

1.564E+2

8.700E-1

Human

1.000E+9

5.000E+1

2.391E+1

1.330E+0

Schwan, 1955

1.000E+10

4.000E+1

1.497E+1

8.330E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

6.000E+1

6.651E+1

3.700E-1

Rat @ 30 degC

1.000E+9

4.300E+1

1.582E+1

8.800E-1

Joines et al, 1980

2.000E+9

4.300E+1

1.052E+1

1.170E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

7.800E+1

8.269E+1

4.600E-1

Rat (In vivo) @ 31 degC

1.000E+9

6.400E+1

1.168E+1

6.500E-1

Burdette et al, 1980

2.000E+9

6.100E+1

9.617E+0

1.070E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

6.600E+1

8.269E+1

4.600E-1

Canine (In vivo) @ 34 degC

1.000E+9

4.900E+1

8.448E+0

4.700E-1

Burdette et al, 1980

2.000E+9

4.700E+1

6.651E+0

7.400E-1

 
         

1.090E+6

3.002E+3

8.560E+3

5.200E-1

 

3.950E+6

6.060E+2

2.816E+3

6.200E-1

 

1.190E+7

1.839E+2

1.027E+3

6.800E-1

 

3.610E+7

9.700E+1

3.707E+2

7.400E-1

 

1.090E+8

6.660E+1

1.336E+2

8.100E-1

 

3.950E+8

5.430E+1

4.260E+1

9.400E-1

Ovine @ 37 degC

1.190E+9

4.970E+1

1.880E+1

1.250E+0

Gabriel et al, 1994

1.300E+8

6.217E+1

1.134E+2

8.200E-1

 

3.940E+8

5.479E+1

4.202E+1

9.200E-1

 

1.080E+9

5.113E+1

1.990E+1

1.190E+0

 

3.990E+9

4.616E+1

1.539E+1

3.420E+0

 

1.090E+10

3.500E+1

2.023E+1

1.230E+1

 

2.000E+10

2.533E+1

2.171E+1

2.415E+1

 
         

2.500E+7

1.030E+2

3.379E+2

4.700E-1

 

5.000E+7

8.500E+1

1.833E+2

5.100E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.100E+1

1.007E+2

5.600E-1

Porcine & Bovine @ 37 degC

2.500E+7

1.150E+2

3.883E+2

5.400E-1

Osswald, 1937

5.000E+7

9.700E+1

2.085E+2

5.800E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.600E+1

1.168E+2

6.500E-1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Pancreas

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+5

1.000E+4

5.393E+4

3.000E-1

 

3.000E+5

5.800E+3

2.097E+4

3.500E-1

Canine @ 37 degC

1.000E+6

2.300E+3

7.729E+3

4.300E-1

Stoy et al, 1982

1.000E+7

3.200E+2

1.079E+3

6.000E-1

 

1.000E+8

8.500E+1

1.528E+2

8.500E-1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Skin (Dry)

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+8

4.880E+1

8.170E+1

4.540E-1

Human (In vivo-temple)

5.000E+8

3.700E+1

1.970E+1

5.480E-1

Grant et al, 1988

1.000E+9

3.470E+1

1.090E+1

3.030E-1

 
         

3.000E+5

1.300E+3

5.992E+2

1.000E-2

 

1.000E+6

1.000E+3

4.494E+2

2.500E-2

Human (In vivo)

1.000E+7

3.280E+2

3.595E+2

2.000E-1

Tamura et al, 1994

1.000E+8

5.900E+1

7.729E+1

4.300E-1

 

1.000E+9

3.300E+1

1.240E+1

6.900E-1

 
         

1.000E+1

6.350E+3

2.696E+4

1.500E-5

 

1.000E+2

3.275E+3

3.775E+3

2.100E-5

Human (stratum corneum-

1.000E+3

2.150E+3

7.370E+2

4.100E-5

associated with dry values)

1.000E+4

1.630E+3

2.157E+2

1.200E-4

Yamamoto & Yamamoto, 1976

1.000E+5

1.370E+3

1.096E+2

6.100E-4

 

1.000E+6

4.320E+2

3.595E+2

2.000E-2

 
         

1.000E+8

5.090E+1

5.910E+1

3.290E-1

Human (In vivo-neck)

5.000E+8

3.270E+1

1.530E+1

4.260E-1

Grant et al, 1988

1.000E+9

3.020E+1

8.600E+0

2.390E-1

 
         

1.000E+8

4.860E+1

6.090E+1

3.390E-1

Human (In vivo-abdomen)

5.000E+8

3.390E+1

1.570E+1

4.370E-1

Grant et al, 1988

1.000E+9

3.170E+1

8.900E+0

2.480E-1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Skin (Wet)

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+8

3.830E+1

5.033E+1

2.800E-1

Canine @20 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+9

4.105E+1

1.150E+1

6.400E-1

Xu et al, 1987

1.100E+10

2.519E+1

1.686E+1

1.032E+1

 
         

1.000E+7

1.330E+2

1.492E+3

8.300E-1

Human (excised) @ 20 degC

3.160E+7

1.030E+2

5.176E+2

9.100E-1

Bhattacherjee et al, 1995

1.000E+8

6.300E+1

2.588E+2

1.440E+0

 
         

1.000E+1

7.565E+5

3.955E+8

2.200E-1

 

1.000E+2

4.037E+5

4.134E+7

2.300E-1

Human (granular associated

1.000E+3

1.874E+5

4.494E+6

2.500E-1

with wet values)

1.000E+4

1.072E+5

5.033E+5

2.800E-1

Yamamoto & Yamamoto, 1976

1.000E+5

2.656E+4

6.112E+4

3.400E-1

 

1.000E+6

2.850E+3

9.347E+3

5.200E-1

 
         

1.780E+9

4.560E+1

1.945E+1

1.926E+0

 

2.980E+9

4.450E+1

1.354E+1

2.244E+0

Human (excised) @ 37 degC

3.580E+9

4.425E+1

1.284E+1

2.557E+0

Cook, 1952

4.630E+9

4.153E+1

1.400E+1

3.606E+0

 
         

9.430E+9

3.550E+1

1.600E+1

8.394E+0

Human (excised) @ 37 degC

2.362E+10

2.300E+1

1.300E+1

1.708E+1

England, 1950



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Spleen

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

5.000E+7

1.350E+2

2.373E+2

6.600E-1

Porcine & Bovine @ 37 degC

5.000E+7

1.400E+2

2.804E+2

7.800E-1

Osswald,1937

         

1.000E+4

2.181E+4

1.618E+5

9.000E-2

 

1.000E+5

5.319E+3

1.977E+4

1.100E-1

Bovine @ 25 degC

1.000E+6

1.346E+3

3.236E+3

1.800E-1

Surowiec et al, 1985

1.000E+7

2.830E+2

6.112E+2

3.400E-1

 

1.000E+8

5.500E+1

1.079E+2

6.000E-1

 
         

1.000E+6

1.800E+3

3.595E+3

2.000E-1

Porcine (In vivo) @ 34-36 degC

1.000E+7

3.100E+2

8.628E+2

4.800E-1

Hahn et al, 1980

1.000E+8

4.300E+1

1.348E+2

7.500E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

1.800E+4

2.157E+5

1.200E-1

 

1.000E+5

4.500E+3

2.876E+4

1.600E-1

Feline (In vivo)

1.000E+6

2.000E+3

4.314E+3

2.400E-1

@ 34.2 degC ±0.8 degC

1.000E+7

4.200E+2

9.707E+2

5.400E-1

Suroweic et al, 1986

1.000E+8

6.500E+1

1.420E+2

7.900E-1

 
         

1.000E+4

5.087E+4

2.517E+5

1.400E-1

 

1.000E+5

9.200E+3

2.696E+4

1.500E-1

Human @ 36.8 degC

1.000E+6

1.940E+3

4.314E+3

2.400E-1

Suroweic et al,1987

1.000E+7

4.510E+2

8.269E+2

4.600E-1

 

1.000E+8

7.630E+1

1.887E+2

1.050E+0

 
         

1.000E+8

8.870E+1

1.528E+2

8.500E-1

 

9.000E+8

5.520E+1

2.417E+1

1.210E+0

Rat (In vivo) @ 32 degC ±1 degC

5.000E+9

4.980E+1

1.596E+1

4.440E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

1.000E+10

4.070E+1

1.823E+1

1.014E+1

 
         

1.000E+8

8.100E+1

1.438E+2

8.000E-1

 

9.000E+8

5.400E+1

2.237E+1

1.120E+0

Feline (In vivo) @ 36 degC

4.000E+9

5.000E+1

1.393E+1

3.100E+0

Kraszewski et al, 1982

8.000E+9

4.400E+1

1.416E+1

6.300E+0

 
         

1.000E+3

8.600E+4

1.258E+6

7.000E-2

 

1.000E+4

2.800E+4

1.618E+5

9.000E-2

Canine @ 22-24 degC

1.000E+5

5.800E+3

2.157E+4

1.200E-1

Astbury et al, 1988

1.000E+6

2.300E+3

3.595E+3

2.000E-1

 

1.000E+7

5.800E+2

9.527E+2

5.300E-1

 
         

1.000E+7

3.980E+2

9.527E+2

5.300E-1

Feline @ 35 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+8

7.500E+1

1.330E+2

7.400E-1

Stuchly et al, 1981

1.000E+9

4.700E+1

1.959E+1

1.090E+0

 
         

1.000E+5

3.260E+3

2.229E+2

6.200E-1

 

1.000E+6

1.450E+3

1.132E+4

6.300E-1

 

1.000E+7

3.210E+2

1.510E+3

8.400E-1

Canine @ 37 degC

2.500E+7

1.800E+2

6.687E+2

9.300E-1

Stoy et al, 1982

5.000E+7

1.100E+2

3.559E+2

9.900E-1

 

1.000E+8

8.300E+1

1.887E+2

1.050E+0

 
         

3.000E+5

1.630E+3

6.786E+3

1.133E-1

 

1.089E+6

2.706E+3

3.456E+3

2.094E-1

 

3.955E+6

9.471E+2

1.638E+3

3.605E-1

 

1.089E+7

3.965E+2

8.396E+2

5.088E-1

 

3.955E+7

1.355E+2

3.106E+2

6.833E-1

 

1.089E+8

7.957E+1

1.291E+2

7.825E-1

 

3.955E+8

6.172E+1

4.132E+1

9.090E-1

Human @ 37 degC

1.089E+9

5.736E+1

1.965E+1

1.191E+0

Current study measurements

3.000E+9

5.026E+1

1.738E+1

2.901E+0

 

1.300E+8

7.674E+1

1.085E+2

7.848E-1

 

3.936E+8

6.364E+1

4.127E+1

9.037E-1

 

1.025E+9

5.950E+1

2.037E+1

1.161E+0

 

3.992E+9

5.399E+1

1.694E+1

3.761E+0

 

1.039E+10

4.072E+1

2.338E+1

1.352E+1

 

2.000E+10

2.861E+1

2.307E+1

2.567E+1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Stomach

 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

     
         

1.000E+7

4.900E+2

1.384E+3

7.700E-1

Feline (In vivo-smooth muscle)

1.000E+8

8.500E+1

1.726E+2

9.600E-1

@ 35 degC ±0.5 degC

1.000E+9

6.200E+1

2.391E+1

1.330E+0

Stuchly et al,1981



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

Vitreous Humour

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

1.000E+8

7.000E+1

3.002E+2

1.670E+0

 

1.000E+9

7.000E+1

3.595E+1

2.000E+0

Bovine

3.000E+9

7.000E+1

1.798E+1

3.000E+0

Schwan, 1958

1.000E+10

6.200E+1

3.200E+1

1.780E+1

 



Back to Index

Frequency (Hz)

Properties

White Matter

   
 

Permittivity

Loss Factor

Conductivity

(S/m)

 
         

3.000E+9

3.540E+1

9.587E+0

1.600E+0

 

4.000E+9

3.440E+1

9.886E+0

2.200E+0

 

8.000E+9

3.140E+1

1.213E+1

5.400E+0

Rabbit @ 37 degC

1.000E+10

3.080E+1

1.222E+1

6.800E+0

Steel & Sheppard, 1985

1.400E+10

2.880E+1

1.271E+1

9.900E+0

 

1.800E+10

1.990E+1

1.378E+1

1.380E+1

 
         

1.000E+5

2.680E+3

2.517E+4

1.400E-1

 

1.000E+6

6.850E+2

3.056E+3

1.700E-1

 

1.000E+7

1.860E+2

4.494E+2

2.500E-1

Canine @ 37 degC

2.500E+7

1.220E+2

2.085E+2

2.900E-1

Stoy et al, 1982

5.000E+7

8.500E+1

1.294E+2

3.600E-1

 

1.000E+8

6.200E+1

7.550E+1

4.200E-1

 
         

2.000E+8

6.600E+1

3.865E+1

4.300E-1

Canine (In situ-pia mater)

1.000E+9

5.700E+1

2.337E+1

1.300E+0

@ 36 degC

4.000E+9

4.800E+1

1.308E+1

2.910E+0

Burdette et al, 1986

         

1.000E+8

5.986E+1

6.291E+1

3.500E-1

Canine @ 20 degC ±1 degC

1.000E+9

4.119E+1

1.420E+1

7.900E-1

Xu et al, 1987

1.100E+10

2.310E+1

1.337E+1

8.180E+0

 
         

1.000E+5

1.400E+3

3.595E+4

2.000E-1

 

1.000E+6

4.000E+2

2.157E+3

1.200E-1

Bovine @ 24-25 degC

1.000E+7

1.150E+2

2.876E+2

1.600E-1

Suroweic et al, 1986

1.000E+8

5.800E+1

5.033E+1

2.800E-1

 
         

1.000E+7

1.890E+2

4.674E+2

2.600E-1

Feline (In vivo) @ 33 degC

1.000E+8

6.200E+1

8.269E+1

4.600E-1

Stuchley et al, 1981

1.000E+9

3.800E+1

1.438E+1

8.000E-1

 
         

1.000E+7

2.000E+2

5.051E+2

2.810E-1

Canine @ 37 degC

1.000E+8

6.800E+1

8.502E+1

4.730E-1

Foster et al 1979 (Stuchly & Stuchly, 1980)

1.000E+10

3.000E+1

1.110E+1

6.175E+0

 
         

1.090E+6

7.893E+2

1.246E+3

8.000E-2

 

3.950E+6

3.093E+2

5.047E+2

1.100E-1

 

1.190E+7

1.497E+2

2.369E+2

1.600E-1

 

3.610E+7

8.541E+1

1.121E+2

2.200E-1

 

1.090E+8

5.266E+1

5.200E+1

3.200E-1

 

3.950E+8

3.671E+1

2.036E+1

4.500E-1

Ovine @ 37 degC

1.190E+9

3.237E+1

9.770E+0

6.500E-1

Current study measurements

1.300E+8

4.832E+1

5.130E+1

3.700E-1

 

3.940E+8

3.760E+1

2.151E+1

4.700E-1

 

1.080E+9

3.405E+1

1.059E+1

6.400E-1

 

3.990E+9

3.135E+1

8.430E+0

1.870E+0

 

1.090E+10

2.464E+1

1.239E+1

7.540E+0

 

2.000E+10

2.067E+1

1.259E+1

1.400E+1

 
         

3.000E+5

1.307E+3

8.293E+3

1.387E-1

 

1.089E+6

7.877E+2

3.000E+3

1.817E-1

 

3.955E+6

3.137E+2

1.017E+3

2.240E-1

 

1.089E+7

1.673E+2

4.437E+2

2.687E-1

 

3.955E+7

8.287E+1

1.570E+2

3.450E-1

 

1.089E+8

5.477E+1

7.017E+1

4.253E-1

 

3.955E+8

4.043E+1

2.497E+1

5.497E-1

Human @ 37 degC

1.089E+9

3.613E+1

1.277E+1

7.723E-1

Current study measurements

3.000E+9

3.170E+1

1.057E+1

1.763E+0

 

1.300E+8

5.120E+1

5.801E+1

4.195E-1

 

3.936E+8

3.889E+1

2.414E+1

5.287E-1

 

1.025E+9

3.548E+1

1.220E+1

6.955E-1

 

3.992E+9

3.238E+1

8.875E+0

1.971E+0

 

1.039E+10

2.593E+1

1.210E+1

6.993E+0

 

2.000E+10

1.989E+1

1.206E+1

1.342E+1

 



Back to Index

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